A swimming pool on a country plot or in a house is an attribute of a luxurious, comfortable life that many strive for. And if for “walruses” and just people who like to harden themselves, the temperature in the pool does not matter much, then for everyone else it is necessary to ensure a comfortable temperature. For adults, the recommended water temperature is +23 °C, and for children +25 - +28 °C. In hot summer weather, the water in the pool will warm up to this temperature on its own, but in the remaining cooler months it is necessary to ensure that the pool water is heated using special devices. There are several ways to heat water, which we will discuss below.

Keep warm - special film for swimming pools

Water itself is a good heat accumulator. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the heat accumulated by water during the day is not wasted. To do this, the outdoor pool must be buried at least ¾ of its height into the ground. A heat-saving coating is spread on top of the water.

As a heat-saving coating, a film with bubbles of a light shade or black is used to accumulate solar radiation. The film is cut to the required size and laid on the surface of the water without additional fastening. This coating reduces the evaporation of water from the surface and reduces heat exchange with air.

The cheapest way to heat water is to use solar energy. This is especially true in regions where clear sunny days prevail.

For the solar collector to operate effectively, it must be positioned so that it receives 4 to 5 hours of sunlight during the day. This will allow you to maintain the water temperature in the pool at +25 - +30 °C or increase the water temperature by 6 - 10 °C.

A solar helio pool water heating system consists of several elements: a solar collector, a pump for pumping water, a filter and a control valve.

Filter necessary to prevent debris from entering the solar system collector. Pump necessary to lift water to the solar system and move it through it. Sometimes it is necessary to install a more powerful pump on the filtration system. Control valve necessary to control the operation of the collector. How it works?

There are sensors on the surface of the solar collector that monitor the level of lighting and heat input. When the sensors determine that enough heat is reaching the collector, they instruct the control valve to direct the flow of water from the pool into the collector. In this case, the filtration system must be configured so that it works intensively during the most active lighting period. Then the filtered water will flow into the solar collector, where it is heated and returned to the pool on the other side.

When the set temperature of the pool water is reached, the water is redirected and moves past the collector, directly entering the pool after filtration.

A coolant circulates inside the solar system collector, from which the water from the pool is heated. When the collector cools down at night, the flow of water through it stops. The control valve shuts off its supply to the solar system.

There are certain rules when installing solar collectors:

• Typically, solar collectors are located on the roof of a house, but they can also be installed on the ground, on a support that provides a certain angle of inclination.
• It is advisable to place the collector panels strictly south. Their displacement is allowed by no more than 45° relative to the south.
• The slope of the placement of solar panels depends on the region of installation, so this information should be obtained from the instructions or from the manufacturer’s consultant.
• Collectors can be installed on roofs facing west and east. In this case, special collectors with an increased area are used.

There are several types of solar collectors, you can see them in the diagram below.

Collectors with vacuum glass tubes are somewhat more expensive than selective panels. And stores that sell swimming pool equipment usually offer rectangular selective panels.

For example, water heating in a frame pool is carried out using panels “Sunheater”, “Azuro” and others. They are installed next to the pool on a special support that ensures the correct slope.

It is better to entrust the calculation of a solar heating system to professionals, since it takes into account many parameters: the intensity of solar radiation, the number of people in the pool, its size, installation location, and the required temperature in the pool.

Average solar collector surface area must be:

• For an indoor pool or indoor pool - 50 - 70% of the water surface.
• For an outdoor pool - 70 - 100% of the water surface.

Solar pool heating systems are very easy to maintain. You only need to regularly clean the filters and drain the water for the winter. Moreover, many modern models drain the water themselves for the winter. In winter, it is not possible to use a solar system to heat water in the pool, since there is a lot of snow in our region. During snowless periods, vacuum collectors can also operate in winter, since the antifreeze flowing in them can withstand temperatures from -30 °C to +70 °C.

The most popular are rectangular models of solar collectors, but there are also pyramidal models and even canopies over the pool. Solar collectors in the form of a canopy over the pool perform two functions at once: they heat the water and reduce water evaporation and heat transfer between water and air. Also, in addition to heating with the help of a collector, the water is heated under the influence of direct solar radiation, which is accumulated by the black surface of the system.

The second most economical way to heat pool water is to use a heat pump. Its operation does not depend on the intensity of solar radiation or the length of daylight hours, which allows better control of water heating.

The heat pump is based on the Carnot cycle. In fact, it works like a refrigerator, only in reverse. A heat pump takes heat from the environment and uses it to heat the water in the pool. The source of heat can be soil, water or air. It is not profitable to use heat pumps with ground and water collectors only to heat a swimming pool. The equipment itself and the installation of the collector are too expensive.

Only if the heating of the house and other life support systems are organized using a heat pump with a ground or water collector, then it can also be used to heat water in the pool.

In other cases, air heat pumps are used for swimming pools. Outwardly, they resemble the outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The fan sucks in ambient air, which transfers its heat to the coolant (antifreeze), which then passes through the compressor and evaporator. In the evaporator, the heated antifreeze gives off its heat to the water from the pool, which enters there through pipes. Then the cooled coolant is heated again and the cycle repeats.

Important! The air source heat pump can operate even at an ambient temperature of +5 °C. It is usually installed in close proximity to an outdoor pool. If it is necessary to heat the water of an indoor pool in the house, then the heat pump is installed outside the house.

Also note that if a heat pump is used to condition indoor air, it can easily be used to heat water. The heat taken from the room is directed to heat the pool, and is not simply thrown out into the street.

A heat pump for heating a pool is much more economical than a conventional electric heater. It consumes only 1 - 1.24 kW, and produces heat at 5.5 - 6 kW, thereby saving up to 80% of electricity. This system is an excellent alternative to traditional energy sources, as it is absolutely environmentally friendly, does not harm the environment and allows you to save money.

Remember to keep your pool warm with bubble wrap. After all, much more energy and time is spent on the initial heating of the water in the pool, and very little on maintaining the set temperature.

A heat exchanger is used quite often to heat swimming pool water. The principle of its operation is as follows: it is connected to a heat source, for example, a heating boiler or built into a central heating system. The coolant, heating up in the boiler, is sent to the heat exchanger, where it gives off heat to the water from the pool, which is pumped through it.

The pool water heating system works like this: a circulation pump is connected to pump water through the heat exchanger. When the pool water temperature drops below the required temperature, the thermostat gives a signal and the pump turns on. Water is pumped along the coil in the heat exchanger and heated. It drains back into the pool on the other side.

Likewise, when the set temperature is reached, the pump turns off. Water from the pool stops passing through the heat exchanger.

For a large pool, several heat exchangers are used at once to speed up the heating of the water. The sizes and power of heat exchangers vary from 13 kW to 120 kW. They also come in horizontal and vertical, titanium and stainless steel. So you can choose a unit for pools of various volumes and sizes.

The only drawback of this method of heating pool water is its dependence on the heating boiler. Although, if you correctly design the heating system and hot water heating, then such a heat exchanger can be used in the summer, when the heating is not working. The boiler will only turn on to heat the coolant that circulates between the boiler and the pool heat exchanger.

Flow-through electric heaters are equipped with a heating element inside; the water in them is heated not with the help of a coolant, but directly from the heating element. This imposes certain restrictions on water quality. It should be soft enough, without salt impurities, so that the heating element lasts longer and does not become covered with scale. The heating element is also made from corrosion-resistant alloys and covered with several protective layers.

Considering that the energy consumption with this heating method is quite high, electric heaters are usually used only for heating small pools. For example, an inflatable pool, a frame pool, small Jacuzzi pools.

An inflatable pool with water heated using an electric heater is a luxury available even to a family with a modest budget.

The electric pool heater is connected directly to the network. Its power varies, from 3 to 18 kW. Sometimes the household electrical network is not capable of supporting the operation of such a device. And this is a significant drawback.

Finally, I would like to dwell on this method of heating water, such as the use of fuel boilers. For example, a boiler can be gas, pyrolysis, wood, fuel oil or other fuel. Heating water in it can be realized in several ways:

• Using a heat exchanger, when the boiler heats the coolant, and the coolant heats the water in the pool.
• Direct-flow heating of water directly in the boiler.
• Heating water in a container and then discharging it into the pool.

Typically, such pool water heating systems are used in those regions where there is no main gas, as well as other convenient ways to heat the pool. Installing any boilers involves a number of difficulties: permits, designs, calculations, chimneys and fire safety. All this must be decided before the construction of the pool, and sometimes even the house, begins.

When choosing a water heating system for a swimming pool, you need to take into account its size, volume of water, to what temperature it should be heated, whether automation of the process is required, and much more. Budget is also an important aspect. Therefore, it will be more appropriate if specialists are involved in the selection and installation of heating equipment.

See all

(51) IPC (2006) NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CENTER DEVICE FOR PRE-HEATING WATER (71) Applicant State institution of higher professional education Belarusian-Russian University (72) Author Anatoly Shchemelv Mefodievich (73) Patentee State institution of higher professional education Belarusian-Russian University ( 57) A device for preheating water, containing a water supply pipeline, a heat generator and a tank for storing heated water, characterized in that it contains a pumping unit installed in a trench made on a highway with heavy traffic, and containing at least one hydraulic and one pneumatic cylinder, with one end attached to the inner side of a metal cylindrical segment covering the trench, one end of which is hinged and the other is spring-loaded, the piston cavity of at least one hydraulic cylinder is connected to the pipeline by one hydraulic line through a check valve water supply, and the second hydraulic line through a check valve is connected to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the piston cavity of at least one pneumatic cylinder is connected to the atmosphere by one pneumatic line through a check valve, and the second pneumatic line is connected to the atmosphere through a check valve with the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the outlet of which is through The pressure reducing valve is connected to a two-position distributor with electromagnetic control, the first output of which is hydraulically connected to the heat generator, and the second to a hydraulic motor, the shaft of which is mechanically connected to an electric generator, and a thermal relay is installed in the heated water storage tank, electrically connected to the electromagnet of the on-off distributor. 11674 1 2009.02.28 The device relates to water heating systems in residential construction, as well as in industrial enterprises. A known water heating system 1 includes solar panels for heating water for both domestic and industrial needs. A special feature of this design is the use of solar lighting to generate thermal energy. This design works in the presence of bright sunlight. In cloudy times and at night, the system does not work. In addition, the system is quite expensive, which has not led to its widespread use. A known water heating system includes a pump, pipeline and heat generator. A feature of this design is the presence of a pumping station that has an electric motor and a pump that consume electrical energy 2. The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of heating water for domestic and industrial needs. This problem is solved due to the fact that in a device for preheating water, containing a water supply pipeline, a heat generator and a tank for storing heated water, according to the invention, it contains a pumping unit installed in a trench made on the road surface with heavy traffic, and containing at least one hydraulic and one pneumatic cylinder, with one end attached to the inner side of a metal cylindrical segment, covering) a trench, one end of which is hinged and the other is spring-loaded, the piston cavity of at least one hydraulic cylinder of one a hydraulic line through a check valve is connected to the water supply pipeline, and a second hydraulic line through a check valve is connected to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the piston cavity of at least one pneumatic cylinder is connected to the atmosphere by one pneumatic line through a check valve, and by a second pneumatic line through a check valve to the pressure line of the hydraulic accumulator block, the output of which is connected through a pressure reducing valve to a two-position distributor with electromagnetic control, the first output of which is hydraulically connected to the heat generator, and the second to a hydraulic motor, the shaft of which is mechanically connected to the electric generator, and a thermal relay is installed in the heated water storage tank, electrically connected to the on/off valve solenoid. Installation of the pumping unit ensures the creation of pressure in the water hydraulic main every time the car wheels hit a metal cylindrical segment. Installing a spring at one end of the segment ensures that the segment returns to its original position when the wheels leave the segment. The installation of a hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic cylinder ensures that when the segment is pressed on them, liquid and air are pumped into the hydraulic system. The installation of check valves ensures that the hydraulic lines are closed when the fluid moves in one direction and the hydraulic line is opened when the fluid moves in the other direction. The presence of hydraulic accumulators allows fluid to accumulate in them under pressure. The presence of a pressure reducing valve allows the consumer to obtain a uniform flow of liquid on the heat generator or on the hydraulic motor. The presence of a two-position distributor ensures a change in the direction of liquid flow when it reaches a given temperature. Installing a thermal relay ensures that when the set temperature in the hydraulic tank is reached, voltage is supplied to the distributor electromagnet and it is switched to the position of supplying flow to the hydraulic motor. In fig. Figure 1 shows the installation of a swing unit on the road surface following the example of a speed bump. In fig. 2 - hydraulic diagram of the water preheating device. A narrow trench is made on the road surface, into which one or more hydraulic 1 and pneumatic 2 cylinders are installed. The trench is closed by a cylindrical segment 3 with the possibility of rotation (hinged fastening), and the second end 2 11674 1 2009.02.28 of segment 3 to the springs. The piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is connected through a check valve 4 to the pipeline 5 of the water supply system. Pneumatic cylinder 2 is connected to the atmosphere through check valve 6. Through other check valves 7 and 8, the piston cavities of cylinders 1 and 2 are connected to the pressure line of hydraulic accumulators 9. The hydraulic line of hydraulic accumulators 9 is connected through a pressure reducing valve 10 to an on-off distributor 11 with electromagnetic control. One output of the distributor 11 is hydraulically connected by one hydraulic line to the heat generator 12, and the second to the hydraulic motor 13, which is mechanically connected to the electric generator 14. The water preheating device operates as follows. When the car wheels hit segment 3, the weight load of the car wheels is transferred to pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders 1 and 2, the rods of which move and supply fluid to hydraulic accumulators 9. When the load from the car wheels is removed, the spring of segment 3 returns hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders 1 and 2 to their original position The liquid from the batteries 9 is supplied to the pressure reducing valve 10, which supplies the liquid to the heat generator 12. The presence of air particles in the liquid at the exit from the pipeline nozzle increases the speed of movement of the liquid at the entrance to the heat generator, which increases heat transfer. When the liquid in the container has heated to the required temperature, the temperature relay 15 closes and voltage is applied to the electromagnet of the distributor 11, the spool moves, and the fluid flow is directed to the hydraulic motor 13, mechanically connected to the generator 14. The generator 14 generates electricity sent to the electrical network. In this way, you can obtain heat to heat a building and obtain electricity quite cheaply (only the cost of installation), which saves the cost of gas or other coolant and allows you to obtain heat and electricity without the use of gas, fuel oil, coal, oil and other energy sources. Sources of information 1. Dashkov V.N. Renewable energy sources in resource-saving technologies of the agro-industrial complex, 2003. - P. 57, fig. 3.20. 2. Patent RB 682, IPC 24 3/02,24 3/00. National Center for Intellectual Property. 220034, Minsk, st. Kozlova, 20. 3

Heat exchanger UMPEU

Mixing-type jet steam-water heat exchanger with a premixing chamber, designated UMPEU), allows you to ensure water heating by silently introducing steam into the water flow and its condensation without vibrations and water hammer. The working fluid in the UMPEU heat exchanger is chemically purified water, and the injected fluid is steam.

During the period from 2000 to 2019, they were implemented and are operating successfully more than 200 heat exchange devices UMPEU varying from (3 - 1800) t/hour, at various industrial facilities in Russia and the CIS countries. The implemented UMPEU installations are especially effectively operated in local heating and hot water supply schemes of enterprises that receive steam from external sources (CHP, large boiler houses, etc.).

UMPEU heat exchangers successfully replace:

• Shell and tube heat exchangers
• Plate heat exchangers
• Transonic devices (Phisonic, TSA, SFA, Quark, Cosset, Transsonic, PSP)
• Hot water boilers

Areas of application of UMPEU heat exchangers

• Heating water in chemical water purification systems
• Deaeration
• Heating
• Ventilation
• Heat supply
• Exhaust steam recovery
• Heating of process water for technological needs

Video of UMPEU heat exchanger

Operating principle of the UMPEU heat exchanger

1 - confuser; 2 - water nozzle; 3 - receiving chamber; 4 - near-wall reverse currents; 5 - chamber for preliminary displacement of steam with water; 6 - pulsation damper; 7 - pipeline; 8 - steam line; 9, 10 - nozzles; 11 - vortex generator; 12 - return flows; 13 - vortex flow.

Return water from the heating network after the circulation pumps is pressurized through the water supply pipe into the accelerating nozzle of the installation, and steam through the steam supply pipe enters the pre-mixing chamber, where water and steam are mixed into a mixture, which then enters the diffuser and pulsation damper, where The steam-water mixture is further mixed and heated to the required temperature. The heated return water enters the heating network.

Benefits from the introduction of UMPEU heat exchangers

	Reducing heat loss. UMPEU are mixing heat exchangers; they do not have intermediate surfaces (thin-walled tubes and plates) and the heat of the heating steam is transferred through direct contact of steam and water. Therefore, UMPEU heaters have a higher heat transfer coefficient (close to unity and remains unchanged during long-term operation) and tens of times smaller in size, due to which heat loss from the outer surfaces of the installation is significantly reduced. Efficiency is 99.5%.
	Reducing heating steam consumption. The heat contained in the heating steam is used in an Installation with a Main Steam Ejector Device completely, since the condensate, after mixing, gives up its heat to the bulk of the heated water, and there is no need to use condensate coolers or a condensate collection circuit. Therefore, with the same thermal power at the output of the UMPEU, it is spent on 20-25% less heating steam than .
	Reliability and durability - UMPEU heat exchangers have the ability to work with water containing impurities, suspended matter and salts, do not require stopping for cleaning and are made of seamless steel pipes and stamped pipeline parts.
	Savings on maintenance. The design of the UMPEU heat exchanger does not include a package of thin-walled tubes and rolling connections, as well as rotating and moving parts, so there is no need for annual cleaning of brass tubes and plates as in surface heaters. It is enough to comply with the requirements of technical regulations in accordance with the operating instructions supplied with the installation.
	Save space and reduce installation costs. The UMPEU steam ejector unit is produced for pipeline diameters from DN40mm to DN500mm and have several tens of times smaller dimensions and weight, thereby saving costs on construction and installation work.
	Cost and quick return on investment. The installation price is no more expensive than a plate heat exchanger and depends on the type of technological tasks of your enterprise, which are specified in the UMPEU sent for the design and manufacture. The payback period is 3 – 15 months and depends on the parameters of the thermal circuit (Q, G, P of heated water) and is sent along with the commercial proposal to the customer.
	Deep scientific technical study - absence of flow pressure pulsations, vibrations of the apparatus, low noise level when mixing steam with water.
	Reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere during steam utilization.

Model range of UMPEU heat exchangers

Designation UMPEU	Nominal diameter in water, mm	Maximum water consumption, t/h	Heat performance maximum, Gcal/h	Steam consumption, t/h	Dimensions, mm (LxH)*	Weight, kg	Replacing heat exchangers
UMPEU 01.00.000	40	12	0,36	0,6	1500x1200
UMPEU 02.00.000	50	20	0,6	1,0	1900x1450	120	PP-2-6-2-2
UMPEU 03.00.000	65	30	0,9	1,5	1900x1450	130
UMPEU 04.00.000	80	45	1,35	2,2	1730x1670	190	PP-2-11-2-2
UMPEU 05.00.000	100	75	2,25	3,7	1900x1600	210	PP-1-21-2-2
UMPEU 06.00.000	125	110	3,3	5,5	2000x1800	350
UMPEU 07.00.000	150	170	5,1	8,4	2500x1870	460	PP-1-32-7-2 (4)
UMPEU 00.00.000	200	250	7,5	12,4	2600x2000	600	PP-1-35-2-2
UMPEU 08.00.000	250	450	13,5	22,3	2800x2050	800	PP 1-53-7-2 (4) PP 1-76-7-2 (4) PSV-63-7-15 PSV-90-7-15
UMPEU 09.00.000	300	700	21	34,6	3000x2150	1100	PP-1-108-7-2 (4) PVS-125-7-15
UMPEU 10.00.000	350	1020	30,6	51,0	4330x2100	1500
UMPEU 11.00.000	400	1400	42	69,3	3930x2200	2500
UMPEU 13.00.000	500	2160	64	105,6	4620x2190		PSV-200-7-15

* Overall dimensions do not include the length of a straight section of the pipeline determined by calculations

Our customers are convinced in practice that heat exchangers UMPEU are today the representative - the most effective and advanced heat exchange technology, the installations are simple, most effective ( high efficiency - 99.5%), with minimal operating costs, reliable, easy to use, easy to start, easy to automate using standard instrumentation and control systems.

Existing experience in practical application heaters UMPEU in heat supply systems has shown that their use gives consumers a significant economic effect. It is determined by a short payback period, the ability to utilize low potential steam, with saving up to 20% of burned fuel. To date heat exchanger price which does not exceed the cost of a shell-and-tube and plate heater is a worthy replacement that allows you to save energy resources.

It is a mixing jet water heater, the operation of which is based on the ejection of steam into the water main by creating a vacuum in the water flow and heating the water to the required temperature, where the heat content of the steam is used during its condensation.

On the steam supply line in front of heat exchanger UMPEU installed sequentially:

• disconnecting device;
• quick-acting shut-off valve;
• control valve;
• check valve

Designed to shut off the steam supply to the installation in the event of an emergency shutdown of water supply, controlled by an electrical contact pressure gauge (ECM) installed on the supply pipeline to UMPEU. In the event of a sharp drop in water pressure associated with the occurrence of an emergency in the heating network, the ECM transmits an electrical signal to the shut-off valve drive, which closes the steam line, thereby turning off the installation from operation and preventing steam from entering the installation and the heating network in the absence of water.

Designed to automatically regulate the temperature of network water at the outlet of the installation depending on the outside air temperature.

Designed to protect the steam pipeline from the reverse flow of network water if the water pressure exceeds the steam pressure.

Shut-off devices are installed on the inlet and outlet pipelines of network water.

The implementation of the UMPEU is carried out according to the following scheme :

• Preparation of facilities for the implementation of the UMPEU heat exchanger.
• Inspection and diagnostics of equipment, drawing up, together with the customer, technical specifications for the design and manufacture of an Installation with a Main Steam Ejector Device, concluding supply contracts.
• Calculation of the UMPEU heat exchanger in accordance with the issued technical specifications.
• Individual design of thermal power and electrical equipment, control systems, management and protection against emergency conditions.
• Control of deadlines and delivery of UMPEU to the customer.
• Supervised installation, commissioning, balance warranty and acceptance tests of the product, with the preparation of an acceptance certificate.

Production time for Installations with Main Steam Ejector Device 25-30 working days.

It is much more profitable for UMPEU to start saving than to waste time and money on maintaining ineffective and outdated tubular heaters.

To fill out the technical specifications for the design and manufacture of a heat exchanger UMPEU please use .

A steam-water heater is used to heat water in heating systems saturated with steam from low-pressure steam lines or steam boilers for heating networks and hot water supply systems. The steam-water heater (SW) is manufactured in accordance with GOST “Steam-water heaters for heating systems” 28679-90.

PP heaters are used mainly in heat supply systems that operate in certain temperature conditions: 95-70, 150-70, 130-70. These heaters are used to heat water in the network with steam, when using heated water in hot water supply and heating systems for buildings for various purposes. The steam-water heater is a horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchanger, most often called a PP heater. Its main components are: a pipe system, a heater housing, front and floating rear water chambers, and a housing cover. The main components of the PP heater are assembled using a flange detachable connection, which allows for preventive inspection and maintenance of the steam-water heater.

The heating steam of the PP heater moves through a special pipe in the upper part of the housing into the interpipe space, heating the water that moves through the heater tubes. In the interpipe space there are partitions that divide it into segments that direct the movement of steam flow. The condensate, which produces heating steam in the PP heater, flows into the lower part of the device body and is discharged outside. Non-condensable gases, i.e. the air that accumulates in the steam-water heater is discharged outside through a special pipe on the body. There are two types of steam-water heaters: PP1 with elliptical bottoms and PP2 with flat bottoms.

Overall and connecting dimensions of steam-water heaters

Two-pass steam-water heater

dimensions

Designation	A	A 1	A 5	A 6	h	h1	h2	h3
									Flange 1	Flange 2
PP2-6-2-2	2000	2600	1100	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-11-2-2	2000	2650	1100	580	370	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-16-2-2	2000	2720	1100	640	417	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-21-2-2	2000	2785	1100	710	440	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-35-2-2	2000	2885	1100	840	516	516	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10
PP2-9-7-2	3000	3600	2000	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-17-7-2	3000	3650	2000	580	370	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-24-7-2	3000	3720	2000	640	417	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-32-7-2	3000	3785	2000	710	440	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-53-7-2	3000	3885	2000	840	516	526	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10

Connection dimensions

Designation	A 2	A 3	A 4	A 7	D	D 1	D 2	Dy	d	d1	n	n1
PP2-6-2-2	555	1300	460	250	180	180	125	100	18	18	8	8
PP2-11-2-2	562	1300	470	292	210	240	125	125	18	23	8	8
PP2-16-2-2	605	1300	510	330	240	240	125	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-21-2-2	607	1300	510	355	240	295	160	160	23	23	8	8
PP1-35-2-2	655	1300	440	295	350	160	200	23	23	23	12	12
PP2-9-7-2	555	2300	545	250	180	180	125	100	18	18	8	8
PP2-17-7-2	565	2300	545	292	210	240	125	125	18	23	8	8
PP2-24-7-2	605	2300	590	330	240	240	125	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-32-7-2	607	2300	590	355	240	295	160	150	23	23	8	8
PP1-53-7-2	607	2300	590	355	240	295	160	150	23	23	8	8

Four-pass steam-water heater

dimensions

Designation	A	A 1	A 5	A 6	h	h	h 2	h 3	Designation of flanges according to GOST 12820-80
									Flange 1	Flange 2
PP2-6-2-2	3000	3600	2000	460	340	293	293	288	1-100-10	1-50-10
PP2-17-7-4	3000	3650	2000	580	385	413	348	348	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP2-24-7-4	3000	3720	2000	640	405	440	375	385	1-150-10	1-50-10
PP1-32-7-4	3000	3785	2000	710	415	477	420	440	1-200-10	1-80-10
PP1-53-7-4	3000	3885	2000	840	480	526	500	490	1-250-10	1-80-10

Connection dimensions

Designation	A 2	A 3	A 4	A 7	D	D 1	D 2	Dy	d	d 1	n	n 1
PP2-6-2-2	555	2300	545	250	180	180	125		18	18	8	8
PP2-17-7-4	564	2300	545	300	180	240	125	100	18	23	8	8
PP2-24-7-4	605	2300	590	325	180	240	125		18	23	8	8
PP1-32-7-4	607	2300	590	345	210	295	160	125	18	23	8	8
PP1-53-7-4	655	2300	640	405	240	350	160	150	23	23	8	12

Description:

Against the background of increasing demand for energy resources, rising tariffs for them and decreasing reserves of traditional energy sources, the issue of energy saving is of particular importance. Using wastewater heat recovery to reduce hot water costs can be a source of significant energy savings in modern buildings.

Wastewater heat recovery.
Readers ask

Against the backdrop of increasing demand for energy resources, rising tariffs for them and decreasing reserves of traditional energy sources, the issue of energy saving is of particular importance. Using wastewater heat recovery to reduce hot water costs can be a source of significant energy savings in modern buildings. A reader's question about wastewater heat recovery systems is answered by Nina Anatolyevna Shonina, senior lecturer at MArchI.

Good afternoon, please tell me, are there wastewater heat recovery systems that can be used in an existing sewage system in a building without significant reconstruction of the system?

Heating water for hot water needs accounts for 20-25% of the total energy consumption in a standard home, and the majority of the load comes from heating water for baths or showers. The cost of hot water, as a rule, ranks second in the column of costs for housing and communal services in multi-apartment residential buildings, second in cost only to the costs spent on space heating. Studies have shown that 1/10 of the water used in the shower is enough for a person to perform hygiene procedures. This means that about 90% of the warm water supplied to the shower faucet goes down the drain unused.

In addition to warm water from showers, washing machines and dishwashers also contribute by heating water using electricity.

Recycling and reusing most of the wastewater energy will save thermal energy, reduce the overall cost of hot water and, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, will have a beneficial effect on the ecological state of the environment.

The volume of sewage produced in huge quantities by large cities remains virtually unchanged throughout the year. The temperature of wastewater is lower than the outside air temperature in summer and higher in winter. This makes them an ideal low-grade heat source for use in heat pumps. Various devices that make it possible to recover wastewater heat have been developed and used for about 30 years. The most common system is the use of heat pumps installed at wastewater treatment plants. Such systems centrally collect heat from wastewater, which saves a large amount of energy. At the same time, energy efficiency experts say that a significant amount of wastewater's thermal energy literally goes into the ground. When transporting sewer water from buildings to treatment plants, the temperature of the water decreases significantly due to the fact that sewers are designed to transport water, and not to retain its heat. In this regard, experts consider it advisable to utilize the heat of wastewater not only at treatment plants, but also directly in the building itself.

A wastewater heat recovery system with a heat pump requires significant capital investment, and space is also required to install this equipment. Consequently, there is a need for a wastewater disposal system that would have the following properties:

• low initial cost;
• quick payback;
• the ability to use it in an existing system without radically reconstructing it;
• Easy to use, does not require maintenance service.

In Canada, a system has been developed that meets the above requirements. The new product is called Power-Pipe® DWHRSystem. It consists of a large diameter copper central pipe, which is wrapped around smaller diameter copper pipes. This design is installed instead of a vertical section of intra-house sewerage. A larger diameter pipe will transport wastewater, and a smaller diameter pipe will transport cold water from the water supply to the hot water heater. In this way, the water used for hot water supply will be preheated using wastewater heat. The coils of pipes of smaller diameter are designed in such a way that the loss of water pressure in them is minimal; this is necessary so that the power of the existing water supply pump is sufficient to transport water, and it would not be necessary to replace the pump with a pump of higher power. This would lead to a decrease in the energy efficiency of the system and additional costs for the customer.

The performance of Power-Pipe has been tested by the Natural Resources Institute of Canada, University of Waterloo. To test its effectiveness, the system was built in a residential apartment building, as well as in one of the university buildings. Research has shown that a 60' long system installed on a section of standard Canadian sewer pipe can raise the temperature of incoming cold water from 10°C to as much as 24°C, all other flow conditions being equal. This system allows you to reduce the cost of preparing hot water by 20–40%, depending on the type of building and its water consumption mode. This system can be used not only in residential buildings, but also in hotels, multifunctional buildings, restaurants, educational institutions, and sports facilities.

Due to the low initial cost and the ability to recover up to 40% of thermal energy, the payback period for this system is usually from 3 to 4 years. In a number of countries where the government provides financial incentives for building owners to implement energy-saving technologies, the payback period can be significantly reduced.

The system operates based on a physical principle called the “falling film effect.” It lies in the fact that water falling vertically through a pipe will not be in the center of the pipe, but will move as a thin film along the inner surface of the pipe in which it is enclosed. This allows maximum thermal energy to be collected from waste water and transferred through the copper surface, known for its high thermal conductivity, to tap water.

This system can be installed in one of three ways. The first method recommended by the manufacturer, which ensures maximum energy savings, is to pass through the system the entire flow of tap water used for the needs of both hot and cold water supply. This method is called the “equal flow configuration”. If cold water is needed, you can make a separate line of cold water (not preheated on the Power-Pipe) and run it to the kitchen sink.

The second option is to preheat only that part of the water, which then goes to the water heater and is used for hot water supply needs. Finally, the third method is to preheat only the water that is then used as cold water for showering. Either of these two options (known as "unequal flow") will reduce the system's efficiency by approximately 25%.

The system has the following properties:

• easy to use and accessible to the average user;
• saves up to 40% of the energy spent on heating hot water in the average home;
• payback period ranges from 2 to 6 years;
• reduces greenhouse gas emissions by almost 1 ton per year for a family of four;
• maintenance-free: passive system has no moving parts;
• is one of the technical solutions that allows the building in which it is used to obtain LEED certification.

This material shows that energy-efficient solutions in the water supply sector are not always complex technical devices. This system is currently certified and used in Canada and the USA. Let's hope that simple systems will soon begin to appear on our market that allow us to utilize the heat of wastewater.