(Cotoneaster lucidus)
Cotoneaster is an upright growing shrub up to 2 m high. It is not picky about soil fertility. Light-loving, but can withstand partial shade conditions. Drought resistant. Does not tolerate stagnation of moisture in the soil. An excellent plant for creating shaped and free-growing hedges. Used in the design of edges, decorative groups, single plantings on the lawn, and borders.
(Cotoneaster horizontalis)
Cotoneaster horizontalis is a deciduous ornamental shrub with an open or creeping crown. Very widely used in Europe. It grows slowly. Not picky about soil. Photophilous, tolerates partial shade. Drought resistant. Frost-resistant. Decorative with almost horizontal shoots and characteristic branching, similar to a fish ridge. Recommended for planting in rocky gardens, on retaining walls and slopes.
(Cotoneaster dammeri)
Dummer's cotoneaster is a ground cover evergreen low shrub up to 15-20 cm in height with creeping branching rooting shoots and numerous short branches. One of the best ground cover evergreens. Grows quickly. Shade-tolerant, not picky about soils. Drought-resistant and quite frost-resistant. It can be used to create large evergreen carpets. An indispensable plant for rock gardens.
(Cotoneaster divaricatus)
Spreading cotoneaster is a dense shrub with widely spreading shoots, 2-3 m in height, and with age often 5 m in width. It grows quickly. Light-loving, but also tolerates partial shade. Tolerates drought and high air temperatures well. Quite winter-hardy. Suitable for trellises, single and group plantings.
(Cotoneaster suecicus Juliette)
Swedish cotoneaster Juliet is a creeping low shrub, in maturity it forms peculiar convex hummocky forms, about 0.5 to 0.8 m high and 0.7 - 1 m wide. It has beautifully colored leaves, young ones are green with a white pattern, older ones - with an addition of red. Prefers fertile, moist soils. The young plant needs shelter for the winter. Regular watering is advisable. Recommended for planting on slopes. Gives an interesting colorful accent to every garden. Use: rockeries, ground cover. Suitable for urban landscaping.
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) is a non-thorny shrub plant or small tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Many types of crops have a decorative appearance and are used in the design of local areas.
Of course, despite a certain similarity in the names of the two plants, there are tangible differences, and the most important difference is that dogwood berries are edible, but cotoneaster fruits that appear in the fall are not always edible. Dogwood is a fruit and berry tree, and many varieties of cotoneaster are represented by ornamental shrubs used in landscape design.
How to plant cotoneaster (video)
Botanical description and places of growth of cotoneaster
Deciduous or evergreen, slow-growing shrub with medium-sized, simple, alternate, entire, ovate-shaped leaves. In summer, the foliage is dark green in color, and in autumn it turns red.
The flowers are white or pink, small in size, solitary, collected in corymbs or racemes. Red-fruited or black-fruited cotoneaster is an original ornamental crop that grows naturally in Eurasia and North Africa.
Cotoneaster is a non-thorny shrub plant or small tree belonging to the Rosaceae family
Gallery: cotoneaster (25 photos)
Characteristics of the main types of cotoneaster
Almost all types are undemanding to soils and moisture levels, are characterized by frost resistance and gas resistance, and are also easy to mold. Two species are classified as conservation species.
Cotoneaster aronia
С.melanocarpus is popular in the middle zone of our country due to its sufficient winter hardiness. The height of the above-ground part does not exceed a couple of meters. The branches are brown with a reddish tint. The foliage is ovoid, green at the top and whitish below. Inflorescences are racemose, pink in color . After flowering, edible black fruits are formed.
Cotoneaster aronia
Cotoneaster pressed
C.adpressus is a low-growing species no more than half a meter high with a crown diameter of one meter. The branches have a creeping appearance. The foliage is relatively small, round in shape, light green in summer and scarlet in autumn. Slow growing variety reaches full height by the tenth year of life.
Cotoneaster pressed
Cotoneaster horizontal
С.horizontalis is an evergreen shrub plant no more than one meter high with a crown up to a couple of meters wide. The foliage is round in shape, with a glossy surface, green in summer and bright red in autumn. Flowers early with small whitish-pink flowers followed by bright red fruits. Popular low-growing variety Variegatus is up to 25-30 cm high with a crown up to one and a half meters in diameter. There is a white stripe on the green foliage.
Cotoneaster horizontal
Common cotoneaster
C. integerrimus - grows under natural conditions on mountain slopes, as well as sandy and calcareous soils. The height of the above-ground part is two meters. Young branches have fleecy pubescence, while mature branches are bare. The bush has a compact rounded crown with broadly ovate foliage. The outer side of the leaves is dark green in color and glossy. The interior is gray and rough. Racemose inflorescences are represented by white-pink flowers. The varietal feature is drought and frost resistance.
Common cotoneaster
Cotoneaster brilliant
С.lucidus – East Siberian species, represented by an upright-growing deciduous shrub, densely covered with leaves. The above-ground part is no more than three meters high. Young branches are grayish-brown, pubescent. In late autumn, the stems acquire a reddish-brown color.. The foliage is irregularly elliptical, dark green in summer and slightly reddish in autumn.
Cotoneaster brilliant
Dummer cotoneaster
C.dammerii is a creeping type, evergreen variety, undemanding to soil, long-lived and drought-resistant. Widely used for decorating parks and squares, as well as in the landscape design of the local area.
Dummer cotoneaster
Cotoneaster vesica
C.bullatus is a deciduous shrub with a height of the above-ground part of no more than three meters. It has very characteristic dark green, glossy, wrinkled foliage. In autumn, the leaves acquire a highly decorative bright red color. The plant is characterized by insufficient winter hardiness for many regions, therefore, in particularly frosty winters it can freeze to the point of snow cover.
Cotoneaster vesica
Cotoneaster splayed
C.divaricatus is a deciduous shrub plant, no more than a meter high, with a dense crown and obovate or rounded foliage. The leaf blade is dense and shiny. A very decorative variety prefers light and fertile loams for growth and development, as well as maximally open, well-warmed areas by the sun.
Cotoneaster splayed
Hybrid cotoneaster
“Coral Beauty” is an ornamental and low-growing deciduous shrub with partially creeping and partially arched, highly branched shoots. The height of the aboveground part of an adult plant does not exceed half a meter with a crown width of up to one and a half meters. The foliage is numerous, small, oval, dark green and shiny in summer, and red or reddish-purple in autumn. The flowers are small, white, and have five petals.
Hybrid cotoneaster
Cotoneaster
C. salicifolius is a variable, evergreen shrub plant up to 4-5 m high with curved branches and lanceolate-elliptical, oblong-elliptic, acute or pointed foliage with a wedge-shaped base. White flowers. After flowering, round, bright red fruits are formed.
Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster entire
C.integerrimus - with erect stems up to two meters high with young pubescent shoots. The foliage is broadly ovate or rounded, with a blunt or sharp tip, and a rounded base. The upper side of the leaves is bare, dark green, matte, and the lower side is covered with whitish or grayish felt pubescence. Flowers in corymbose racemes, pinkish in color.
Cotoneaster entire
Other varieties of cotoneaster
Domestic and foreign amateur gardeners are also well aware of others, very decorative types of deciduous shrubs:
- holly (C.acutifolius);
- close (C.affinis);
- Alauan (C.alauniсus);
- low content (C. bacillaris);
- boxwood (C.buхifolius);
- Cooper (C. cooreri);
- woolen (C.flossosus);
- cellular (C.foveolatus);
- Franchetti (C.franchetii);
- cold (C. frigidus);
- Granadian (C.granatensis);
- Henry (C.henryаnus);
- Hjelmqvist (C.hjelmqvistii);
- Hammel (C. hummelii);
- Karatavian (S.karataviсus);
- milky white (C.lasteus);
- Lancaster (C.lancasteri);
- Meyer (C.meyeri);
- Mongolian (C.mongolicus);
- membranous (C.pannosus);
- Parker (C. parkeri);
- racemosa (C. racemiflorus);
- multi-flowered (C.multiflorus).
Very original is the creeping species Nanshan (C.nanshan), no more than half a meter high with dark green or reddish foliage and pink flowers.
Cotoneaster nan-shan
Options for using cotoneaster in garden decoration
Thanks to its very beautiful and original foliage, the plant is popular in garden decoration. Among other things, the crown is perfectly formed. If desired, you can independently, by pruning, form a rounded bush, as well as a hemispherical or cushion-shaped crown. The culture is perfect for decorating rocky gardens, looks original in mixed groups with conifers and decorative deciduous shrubs or flowering perennials. Can be used to decorate borders.
Choosing a place in the garden and planting technology
Many species are quite unpretentious crops, undemanding to conditions, including soil fertility and moisture. It takes root well on different types of soil, mountain rocky and calcareous soils. It is not recommended to plant in areas with heavy and clayey, acidic, swampy and saline soils. Loamy soil or a soil mixture based on turf soil and river sand, with the addition of humus or peat compost, is optimal.
Seedlings are planted in open ground in the spring, after the soil has thawed, but the buds on the plant have not yet opened. The dimensions of the planting hole should be approximately 50x50x50cm. A prerequisite for proper planting is the use of drainage based on broken bricks or gravel. The distance between planted seedlings may vary depending on the species characteristics. When forming a hedge, planting is carried out not in planting holes, but in pre-prepared trenches.
How to prune cotoneaster (video)
Features of caring for cotoneaster
The culture is unpretentious, but responsive to care, which includes the main activities represented by irrigation, fertilization, timely pruning and proper preparation for wintering.
Watering
Irrigation measures are necessary for ornamental plants during especially hot periods in the absence of precipitation. It is advisable to carry out watering through irrigation grooves specially made in the tree trunk circles. After watering, shallow loosening of the soil and removal of weeds is carried out.
Top dressing
In early spring, the crop is fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, which can be considered urea, diluted in an amount of 25 g per bucket of water. Also The Kemira-universal granular fertilizer has proven itself well. During the mass flowering phase, 15 g of potassium and 60 g of superphosphate are added per square meter.
In early spring, cotoneaster is fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers
Trimming
Sanitary pruning can be carried out throughout the entire growing season, and the crown needs to be formed and rejuvenated in the spring, before the buds open. . During the process of sanitary pruning, thickening, old or damaged branches are always removed. Pruning should only be done with well-sharpened and disinfected garden tools.
Preparing for winter
The highly decorative crop has sufficient frost resistance, so it does not require special preparation for the winter period. However, in harsh winters it is recommended to mulch the soil under the bushes with peat, dry leaves or spruce branches, then bend the branches and cover them with a covering breathable material.
Sanitary pruning can be performed throughout the entire growing season
Methods for propagating cotoneaster
Even novice amateur gardeners can propagate decorative perennials on their own. There are several quite accessible and simple methods of reproduction.
Dividing the bush
Bush division is one of the most convenient and simplest methods of propagation. You can divide the bush in both spring and autumn. For this purpose, the plant is carefully dug up, after which the root system is carefully cleared of adhering soil, inspected and divided into several parts with pruning shears. Each new bush should have well-developed roots. The resulting cuttings are planted in a previously prepared place, and the root collar is located at the same level with the ground when planting.
Bush division is one of the most convenient and simplest ways to propagate cotoneaster.
By layering
In the fall, you need to select the shoots of the current year, which are attached to the surface using metal brackets. The place of fixation is sprinkled with high-quality humus on top. In the spring, rooted cuttings are carefully dug up, separated from the parent bush and planted in a permanent place.
Cuttings
The cutting method is used when it is necessary to obtain a large amount of planting material at once. It is best to take cuttings in June. The cuttings are placed in water with a growth stimulator for about a day. The cuttings prepared in this way are planted in a permanent place in loose and fairly light soil at an angle of 45°. It is imperative to cover the planted cuttings to create a greenhouse effect.
Root shoots
Some species form a sufficient amount of shoots, which can be used for propagation of decorative perennials. Young plants are carefully dug up and then transplanted to a separate place. In the first days after transplantation, it is advisable to shade the young plantings from the scorching rays of the sun.
Some types of cotoneaster produce a sufficient amount of shoots, which can be used for propagation of decorative perennials
Seeds
The fruit-forming ornamental shrub can be propagated by seed material, but this option is very labor-intensive, which is explained by very low seed germination rates. The collected berries are slightly dried and then kneaded, after which the seed material is removed, washed and placed for annual stratification. Such seeds can be planted only after a year, in nutritious and fertile soil.
Diseases and pests of shrubs
Cotoneaster in garden decor (video)
The destruction of insect pests is carried out by treatment with herbal decoctions based on shag and tobacco, with the addition of yarrow. In case of mass damage, chemical insecticides are used. Against pathogenic microflora, including fusarium, severe pruning is used with mandatory subsequent treatment with fungicides.
Estimate
Cotoneaster - deciduous or evergreen shrub, found very often in the landscaping of the European part of Russia. Cotoneaster leaves are simple, alternate, ovate, dark green in summer, turning red in autumn.
The flowers are pink or white, small, in racemes, corymbs or solitary. Cotoneaster fruits are small, black or red. Cotoneaster grows slowly. There are 40 species in the genus.
The main attraction of cotoneasters is the combination of strong branching, original foliage and varied growth forms. Small pink or white flowers are almost not decorative, but are excellent honey plants.
Cotoneaster is also prized for its thick crown of shiny green leaves that turn red in the fall. Cotoneaster is simply irreplaceable when creating a hedge, because it is easy to form, retains its shape for a long time and can be transplanted at any time.
In addition to this, by the end of summer, the decorative effect of cotoneaster increases due to the red or black fruits that hang on the branches for a long time. Cotoneaster fruits are not poisonous; birds show great interest in them.
Frost-resistant cotoneaster and drought-resistant. It develops well in the city, as it is dust and gas resistant and has little demand for soil fertility. Grows well in light and in slight shade.
Many types of cotoneaster can be used for decorative groups, for alpine hills, for hedges, for planting on slopes, but a small number of cotoneaster species are used in culture.
Only 3 species - black cotoneaster, brilliant, common - have great winter hardiness and are resistant to weather in the middle zone.
Cotoneaster aronia
Winter-hardy in the middle zone. Under natural conditions it grows from Central Europe to China, including Central Asia and the Caucasus. Chokeberry cotoneaster grows in forests of various types. Protected in nature reserves.
Cotoneaster aronia is a shrub 2 m in height with red-brown shoots and has black fruits. The leaves are ovate, 5 cm long, green above, white-tomentose below. From the age of 5 it begins to bloom and bear fruit annually. Flowering lasts 25 days. The spherical fruits of the black cotoneaster ripen in October, turning from brown to black.
Black cotoneaster is not picky about soil and grows well in the shade and in the city. Easily tolerates transplantation, seeds and propagated by cuttings. In addition to decorative purposes, black cotoneaster is a good honey plant.
Cotoneaster brilliant
The homeland of brilliant cotoneaster is Eastern Siberia. This species grows singly or in groups in bushes.
Cotoneaster brilliant - shrub, 2 m in height. The leaves are pointed, shiny, green on top; in autumn the leaves are purple.
Pink cotoneaster flowers are collected in 3-8-flowered inflorescences. The brilliant cotoneaster blooms for about 30 days in May. Spectacular black fruits, shiny, with brown, tasteless pulp, are stored on the bushes until late autumn. The cotoneaster bears fruit, shining from the age of 4.
The brilliant cotoneaster is winter-hardy, shade-tolerant, and unpretentious to soils. Propagated vegetatively and by seeds.
The brilliant cotoneaster is perfect for hedges, as well as for planting on the edges of lawns.
Common cotoneaster
Under natural conditions, this cotoneaster can be found from the Baltic states to the North Caucasus. Grows on mountain slopes.
Common cotoneaster is an upright, branched, deciduous shrub about 2 m in height. Young shoots of cotoneaster with woolly drooping, then become bare. Broadly ovate leaves, green above, smooth, shiny, felt-like below. Cotoneaster flowers are pink and white. The fruits are red.
The common cotoneaster is undemanding to the soil and grows well on calcareous soils. It is characterized by high winter hardiness. Grows well in sunny places. Decorative in fruits that last until autumn. Common cotoneaster is used for planting in hedges.
Cotoneaster horizontal
Grows in Central China. Horizontal cotoneaster grows on mountain slopes.
The name of this species indicates its growth. Cotoneaster horizontalis is a shrub up to 50 cm tall, with branched shoots spread out, almost pressed to the ground. Its small, round, green leaves are beautiful; in autumn they turn purple.
Flowers are paired or single, sessile, with pink-reddish petals. Horizontal cotoneaster blooms from May to June. The fruits are spherical, about 5 mm in diameter, shiny, red, ripen in September and remain in abundance until December, giving the bush a special decorative appearance.
This type of cotoneaster is demanding on the soil. It grows strongly and quickly expands in width, the diameter is more than 1 m. One of the most elegant species. A beautiful ground cover plant, for strengthening slopes, for rocky gardens, cascading gardening.
Dummer cotoneaster
It grows naturally in Central China.
The creeping shoots of this cotoneaster are pressed to the ground and take root. The shoots branch in one plane, rising 20 cm, and grow to the sides to a distance of more than 1.5 m. Dummer cotoneaster has leathery green leaves.
The leaves of Dummer's cotoneaster are very small, up to 2 cm long. The reddish flowers sitting on the branches are beautiful. In autumn, in September, countless ripening coral-red fruits are very beautifully combined with shiny foliage. In late autumn, the bush becomes even more beautiful thanks to its purple leaves and bright fruits.
Dummer's cotoneaster propagates by layering, cuttings and seeds. The shrub is drought-resistant and does not freeze under snow. Grows well in poor sandy soil. Loves a sunny location and tolerates slight shade. It grows quickly.
Portrait of a plant
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) is part of the genus of the same name in the Rosaceae family. In total, there are more than 80 species in this genus, which are represented by deciduous or evergreen shrubs of varying heights (from 0.3 to 3-5 meters). More than 40 species of this plant are found in our country.
A large number of simple leaves of a dense green color, located alternately (one after another) on the branches, almost completely cover the bushes. They are attached to the shoots with short petioles. As the autumn months approach, the leaves turn red.
Cotoneaster flowers are pinkish or white, solitary or united in small inflorescences such as a multi-flowered raceme or corymb. Spherical shiny fruits of red or black color with several seeds inside stay on the bushes until late autumn. They give the bushes a spectacular appearance that lasts for a long time.
How is cotoneaster planted? What kind of care does he need? What subtleties of growing cotoneaster do you need to know? Read more about this.
Planting cotoneaster
Selecting a location
For planting this crop, it is best to select areas with good lighting and permeable soil with a small amount of nutrients.
Almost all types and varieties of cotoneaster tolerate partial shade well, and Dummer's cotoneaster and varieties created on its basis can grow in the shade. And yet, this culture grows and develops better with full lighting.
The soil
Cotoneaster is undemanding to soil fertility and moisture. The best type of soil mixture is made from peat soil, sand and turf soil. Moreover, turf soil and peat soil are taken in 2 parts each, and sand – 1 part.
Landing dates
Seedlings with a closed root system can be planted from spring to mid-August. The bush manages to take root and adapt before the cold weather.
It is advisable to plant planting material with an open root system in spring (April-May) or autumn (September-October), although plants planted in summer have a high probability of taking root.
Planting technology
Holes for this crop are dug to a depth of 50 to 70 cm, and a layer of drainage 10 to 20 cm high of gravel or coarse crushed stone must be poured at the bottom. The width and length of the hole is usually from 40 to 50 cm, depending on the size of the root system of the seedling.
When planting container plants, a 7-10 cm layer of soil must be poured over the drainage layer, then the seedling is placed and then the space between the wall of the pit and the lump with the root system is filled with soil.
The place where the trunk ends and the roots begin to grow (the so-called root collar) is located at the level of the soil surface.
After planting, water the bush with plenty of water, add settled soil and mulch the surface with peat, husks or wood chips.
Cotoneaster on a trunk
On sale you can find cotoneasters grown on a standard. Usually these are creeping species (horizontal, Dammera), grafted onto hawthorn or rowan. The height of such plants is from 60 cm to 1.5 m.
This “tree with berries” looks charming, but is suitable for growing mainly in the southern regions. It survives winter poorly in more severe areas. To prevent the cotoneaster on a standard from freezing, it must be bent to the ground and covered, just like standard roses.
Cotoneaster care
Caring for various types and varieties of cotoneaster is not difficult and takes a lot of time. It consists of:
- watering,
- fertilizing and
- trimmings.
Top dressing
During the season, usually only two feedings are carried out.
For the first time Cotoneasters are fed with the onset of spring warmth. Complex fertilizers (nitroammophoska, urea) are best suited for this feeding.
Second time fertilize before flowering begins. To do this, choose fertilizers that contain phosphorus and potassium (superphosphate, potassium magnesium, potassium sulfate). Before fertilizing, be sure to water the plants well, and then scatter fertilizers near the bushes.
Watering
Newly planted plants must be watered throughout the warm season as needed. After each watering, the soil around the bush is loosened and all weeds are removed.
Adult, well-established cotoneasters need regular watering only in hot and dry times.
Trimming
- Cotoneaster perfectly withstands pruning and trimming; it can be used to form dense and dense hedges, as well as shapes with a wide variety of shapes, from simple to fancy.
- Using pruning, you can also correct the shape of creeping cotoneasters: direct the shoots in the desired direction, limit the growth of branches and thin out the volume of the bush.
- When planting, for better branching of the bushes, you need to pinch the shoots and remove the apical buds.
- Formative pruning begin to be carried out starting from the third year of the plant’s life. Every year in April, shoots are shortened by at least one third. In young bushes, the upper buds are pinched in mid-summer.
- Mature dense bushes are trimmed twice a season: in April and mid-summer.
- Like all ornamental shrubs, cotoneasters are sanitary pruning, during which broken, dried out and deformed branches are cut out.
- In early spring, before the buds begin to open, shrubs, if necessary, are subjected to anti-aging pruning, when old branches are removed, which stimulates the subsequent active growth of young ones.
Different types of cotoneaster have different winter hardiness.
Species: shiny, splayed, entire-edged, black-fruited, multi-flowered - very frost-resistant species.
Bladderwort cotoneaster usually overwinters well, but young plants can sometimes freeze.
The horizontal and small-leaved ground cover species are not very winter-hardy; in winters with little snow, the current year's growth may freeze and the plant loses its decorative appearance, although the shoots are quickly restored in the spring.
Dummer's cotoneaster is even less winter-hardy; annual shoots often freeze slightly, and in frosty winters the plant receives significant damage and can freeze completely.
It is advisable to cover these species for the winter. For shelter, use spruce branches or cover the top with fallen leaves, large sawdust or peat with a layer of 3-6 cm.
This culture is propagated:
- seeds (for industrial propagation),
- layering,
- green cuttings,
- dividing the bush.
Propagation by seeds
All cotoneasters reproduce quite well by seeds. Many species self-sow abundantly. These are shiny, multi-flowered, vesicular cotoneasters.
In October-November, the berries are picked, crushed and kneaded, laid out on a garden bed and sprinkled with soil (lightly, in a small layer).
In spring (and sometimes in June) seedlings appear, which are thinned out if necessary.
After 2-3 years, the grown seedlings are transferred to a permanent place.
When transplanting, pinch off the tops.
Before planting, young plants need to be covered for the winter.
Reproduction of cotoneaster by layering
For amateur gardeners, it is easier to propagate cotoneasters using layering. More This method is suitable for propagating creeping species.
- To do this, the lower well-developed shoot is bent to the ground, sprinkled with moistened soil and spilled with root solution. In this case, the end of the shoot, about 20-30 cm long, always remains free.
- Throughout the warm season, the cuttings, covered with soil, should be periodically moistened.
- The rooted shoot is separated from the mother plant 3-4 weeks before transplanting into its place.
Propagation by cuttings
Not all types of cotoneaster can be successfully propagated by cuttings. This type of propagation is well suited for ground cover species (horizontal cotoneaster, Dammera). Cuttings of cotoneasters brilliant, black-fruited, vesicular, multi-flowered, take root reluctantly, this method is practically not applicable for them. Cotoneaster can be propagated by green cuttings.
To propagate creeping species, cuttings can be taken from May to mid-July.
For cotoneaster - in the first half of June. The length of the cutting is 10 cm, 2 leaves are left on it.
It is advisable to treat sections of cuttings with a root formation stimulator (powder or dip in solution for a day).
Light soil is used for rooting. For example, a mixture of peat and sand.
In order for the cuttings to take root better, it is better to organize a rooting bed in a greenhouse
Cotoneaster cuttings can be rooted under a plastic bottle with the bottom cut off and the neck open.
The soil in the garden bed is kept moderately moist.
The first roots appear on the cuttings no earlier than a month later.
When new leaves begin to appear on the cuttings, rooting has been successful. You can gradually accustom the seedlings to fresh air by temporarily removing the bottles. After 1-2 weeks they can be removed completely.
For the winter, seedlings must be covered with a layer of foliage, peat or humus.
Next spring, young plants are planted in a permanent place.
Reproduction of cotoneaster by dividing the bush
This is the easiest method of reproduction, moreover, with an almost guaranteed result.
The mother plant is dug up and divided into several parts with a sharp shovel.
Each individual bush is planted in its allocated place, as described in the “Planting Technology” section.
Popular types of cotoneaster
In nurseries that grow ornamental crops for landscaping and landscaping, the assortment of cotoneaster is not very large. Usually this:
- brilliant cotoneaster,
- cotoneaster horizontal,
- Dummer cotoneaster,
- various varieties of hybrid cotoneaster and
- cotoneaster vesica.
Sometimes seen on sale
- cotoneaster,
- cotoneaster splayed and
- cotoneaster is tiny.
Cotoneaster lucidus
Cotoneaster is the most common and hardiest species. This unpretentious and ornamental plant forms erect bushes reaching a height of about 3 m. Under natural conditions, it grows in the Baikal forests.
The green, oval-shaped leaves with a pointed end have a glossy upper part. The lower part of the leaves is painted in a lighter shade. In autumn their color changes to brown-violet.
Pinkish flowers bloom in small inflorescences (from 5 to 12 pieces) of the corymb type. Flowering occurs in June, and the beautiful black fruits with shiny skin ripen from mid-August to the end of September.
This species is liked for its high winter hardiness, unpretentiousness to soils, shade tolerance and tolerance of urban conditions.
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Horizontal cotoneaster is one of the most decorative species of this crop. This species is native to central and western China. A widely spreading bush about half a meter high is formed by fan-like shoots that are located in the same plane.
The shoots with yellowish-brown bark are covered with broadly oval or round leaves with pointed ends, 5 to 12 cm long. The upper part of the leaf has a glossy surface. With the onset of autumn, the dark green color of the leaves turns into orange and red tones.
Small pinkish flowers are located on the shoots one or two at a time. Flowering lasts from mid-May to the very end of June. The red fruits, about 0.6 cm in diameter, ripen at the end of September.
Dammer's cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammerii)
This is a creeping evergreen species of cotoneaster, undemanding to soil, long-lived, and drought-resistant. In nature, it lives in the central regions of China, grows over long stretches of hills and slopes, and entwines rock formations. Plant height 30-40 cm, low crown.
The plants have medium-sized leaves (2-2.5 cm in length), ovoid, with or without a vein. The leaves are bright green in summer and turn reddish-purple in autumn. In May-June, Dummer's cotoneaster blooms; the flowers are small (less than 1 cm in diameter), white or pink, fragrant. After flowering, bright red round fruits are formed that last until spring, giving the plantings an elegant look.
This species is not frost-resistant. In winter, young shoots often freeze slightly, so flowering does not occur every year.
Blistered cotoneaster (Cotoneaster bullatus Bois)
Bladderwort cotoneaster is a fairly tall deciduous shrub with a voluminous, loose crown. It grows in height up to 3-4 m, and up to 4-5 m in diameter.
The leaves are dark green, pubescent below, wrinkled on the outside, on short petioles, oblong in shape, pointed at the ends. Numerous flowers are white or pinkish, small, collected in inflorescences. The berries are round, bright red, ripen in late August - September.
In autumn, the leaves acquire a spectacular coloring from yellow to red-orange. The species is valued for its unpretentiousness, winter hardiness, and decorativeness.
Spreading cotoneaster (Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehd.& Wils)
It is a deciduous shrub with a spreading tent-shaped form, tall and up to 3 m wide. Flowers appear in June, collected together in groups of 3, pinkish. The leaves are oval, from 1 to 2.5 cm in length, green in summer and red in autumn. The fruits are elongated, dark red.
It holds its shape well after pruning and is used in hedges, but is also beautiful in single plantings.
Tiny cotoneaster (Cotoneaster perpusillus)
It is a low, up to 30 cm, horizontally growing shrub. A special feature of this species is the branching on rigid shoots in the shape of a fish tail. The species is deciduous.
The leaves are shiny, smooth, small, like those of other cotoneaster species, and turn bright orange and red in autumn.
The flowers are numerous, pink, single or collected in several pieces, in some species fragrant. The berries are scarlet and do not fall from the bushes for a long time.
It grows actively, so it needs to be planted away from other plants.
Cotoneaster salicifolius
A tall evergreen shrub with spreading thin, drooping or curved branches. The leaves are oval or oblong, 4-8 cm long, wrinkled, pubescent below, pointed.
It blooms in May June, the flowers are white-beige, collected in thyroid inflorescences.
Does not need shelter for the winter.
Diseases and pests
Cotoneasters practically do not get sick and are not attacked by various insect pests.
Among the diseases that appear on the bushes of this crop, we can note fusarium. When this disease appears, the affected parts of the plant are cut out to healthy tissue and burned. Can be additionally treated with fungicides. Prevention of fusarium is the correct choice of planting site and care technology.
Pests on cotoneaster can be found apple aphids, scale insect And ticks. Combined insecticidal agents are used against all these pests: Actellik, Akarin and Bankop. You can also treat with systemic insecticides: Aktara, Tanrek, Biotlin.
Cotoneasters in landscape design
The use of cotoneaster in landscape design is very diverse.
To create hedges, shiny and vesicular cotoneasters are most often used.
The splayed cotoneaster, thanks to its original crown, is very effective as a tapeworm. It is also used to form low hedges.
Whole-edge cotoneasters and black-fruited cotoneasters are used in group plantings.
Creeping cotoneasters (horizontal, Dammer, small-leaved) are unusually good in rockeries and rock gardens, when decorating stone walls.
In addition, they can be used to create borders or planted as individual plants in flower beds.
These species and varieties (for example, hybrids based on Dummer's cotoneaster "Corel Beauty" and "Stockholm") look especially advantageous with barberries, Japanese quince, junipers, thujas, weeping forms of willows, apple trees, rowan trees and Japanese maple. Cereals are a good company for them.
These plants can be combined with plantings of Japanese spirea, as well as low varieties of weigella and shrubby cinquefoil.
Description:
deciduous or evergreen, densely branched shrubs, very often found in the landscaping of cities in the European part of Russia, especially in low hedges. The leaves are medium-sized, simple, alternate, entire, ovate, dark green in summer, turning red in autumn. The flowers are white or pink, small, in corymbs, racemes or solitary. The fruits are small, red or black. They grow slowly. In a permanent place they live for a long time, more than 50 years. They tolerate transplants and city conditions well. The genus contains about 40 species.
The main attractiveness of cotoneasters is the combination of strong branching, original foliage and a variety of growth forms (from erect to creeping). Small white or pink flowers are not very decorative, but are good honey plants. The dense crown of dark green shiny leaves that turn red in the fall is prized. These shrubs are simply irreplaceable when constructing hedges because they are easy to form, retain their shape for a long time and can be transplanted at any time of the season. In addition, at the end of summer, their decorative effect is enhanced by the abundance of bright red or black fruits that hang on the branches for a long time. The fruits are not poisonous and attract birds.
Cotoneaster amoenus
Photo by Marina Shimanskaya
Cotoneasters are frost-resistant and drought-resistant. They develop well in urban conditions, as they are dust and gas resistant and have little demands on soil fertility and moisture. They grow well in both light and shade. They are propagated by seeds, which necessarily require stratification, as well as by layering, cuttings and grafting. They can be used as pear rootstock. Some species are sometimes damaged by green apple aphids, apple white moths, scale insects, sawflies, and cotoneaster mites.
Three species - brilliant cotoneaster, chokeberry and whole-edged cotoneaster - have high winter hardiness and are especially resistant to the vagaries of weather in central Russia.
 Cotoneaster brilliant-WITH. lucidus Schlecht.
The homeland of this species is Eastern Siberia. Grows singly or in groups in bushes. Light-loving mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assectator of shrub groups and, less often, undergrowth of light-coniferous forests. Everywhere in culture. Densely leafy, upright, deciduous shrub, up to 2 m tall, with densely pubescent young shoots. Elliptical leaves are pointed, up to 5 cm long, shiny, dark green, purple in autumn. Pink flowers are collected in loose, 3-8-flowered, corymbose inflorescences. Blooms in May - June for 30 days. Decorative, almost spherical, black, shiny fruits, with brown-red, tasteless pulp, remain on the bushes until late autumn. Fruits from the age of 4 years. In GBS since 1938, 6 samples (15 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from various botanical gardens. At 27 years of age, the height is 2.0 m, crown diameter is 380 cm. It grows from 25.IV ± 3 to 9.X ± 8 for 166 days. The growth rate is average. Blooms from 5.VI ± 12 to 10.VI ± 2 for 5 days. It bears fruit from 3-5 years, the fruits ripen on 29.IX ± 17. Seed germination is 14%. 52% of cuttings take root when treated with a 0.005% IBA solution for 16 hours. Widely used in landscaping in Moscow. Winter-hardy, unpretentious to soils, shade-tolerant. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds require 12-15 months of stratification, which can be shortened by treating them with sulfuric acid for 5-20 minutes, followed by stratification for 1-3 months. Seed sowing rate 5 g/sq. m. One of the best shrubs for creating hedges formed by pruning, as well as for group planting on lawns, edges, and as undergrowth. Suitable for landscaping cities throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. In culture since the beginning of the 19th century. Photo by Alexandra Shcherbakova, Garden Collection company |
 Cotoneaster aronia- C. melanocarpus Fisch. ex Btytt
It has good winter hardiness in central Russia. In the wild it grows quite widely from Central Europe to Northern China, including the Caucasus and Central Asia, in light forests and along mountain slopes, rising to the subalpine zone. It grows in the shrub layer of different types of forests and participates in the creation of shrub thickets on screes and rocks. Light-loving mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assectator of undergrowth of bushes. Protected in nature reserves. This shrub, up to 2 m high, with red-brown shoots, like the previous species, has black fruits, but differs in leaf shape. Ovate leaves 4.5 cm long, dark green above, white-tomentose below, with a blunt or notched apex. Starting from the age of 5, it blooms and bears fruit annually. Flowering lasts almost 25 days, pink flowers are located in the axils of the leaves, 5~12 pieces per shoot, forming loose clusters. The spherical fruits, ripening in September-October, gradually turn from brown to black with a bluish coating. In GBS since 1940, 4 samples (9 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from various botanical gardens and GBS reproduction plants. At 51 years old, height is 2.5 m, crown diameter is 180 cm. It grows from 24.IV ± 6 to 21.IX ± 9 for 149 days. The growth rate is average. Blooms from 3 years, from 25.V ± 6 to 17.VI ± 4 for 23 days. It bears fruit from 3-5 years, the fruits ripen 30.VII ± 4. Seed viability is 80%. Cuttings root poorly. Recommended for landscaping in Moscow. Frost-resistant species, not demanding on soil and moisture, grows well in shaded areas and in urban environments. It easily tolerates transplantation and is propagated by cuttings and seeds. In cultivation since 1829, it is used in hedges, less often - in single and group plantings. There is a known decorative form (f. laxiflora) with loosely flowered drooping inflorescences and larger leaves. In addition to decorative purposes, this species is a good honey plant, and its hard wood serves as material for canes, pipes and other crafts. In culture since 1829. Photo by EDSR. |
 Cotoneaster entire, or ordinary - S. integerrimus Medik.
In nature, it can be found from the Baltic States in the north to the North Caucasus in the south. It grows on mountain slopes and screes, on outcrops of sandstones, shale and limestone. Light-loving xeromesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assectator of shrub thickets. Protected in nature reserves. Rarely in culture. An upright, highly branched, deciduous shrub up to 2 m tall, with a rounded crown. Young shoots with woolly drooping, later glabrous. Broadly ovate, up to 5 cm, leaves, dark green above, shiny, smooth, gray-felt below. The flowers are pinkish-whitish in 2-4-flowered drooping racemes. The fruits are bright red, up to 1 cm in diameter. In GBS since 1939, 3 samples (9 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from botanical gardens and reproductions of GBS. At 30 years old, the height is 1.1 m, crown diameter is 140 cm. It grows from 28.IV ± 6 to 6.IX ± 27 for 131 days. The growth rate is average. Blooms from 23.V ± 9 to 14.VI ± 10 for 22 days. The fruits ripen 2.VIII ± 24. Seed germination is 21%. 58% of cuttings take root when treated with a 0.01% IBA solution for 16 hours. It is recommended for landscaping in Moscow when creating decorative groups and hedges. Undemanding to soil, grows well on calcareous soils. It is characterized by high winter hardiness. Grows better in sunny places, drought- and gas-resistant. It is especially effective in fruits that remain until late autumn. Used for planting in groups, hedges, edges, in cities in the northern and central regions of Russia. In culture since 1656. Photo by EDSR. |
The following species - multifloral cotoneaster, racemosa and pink - are more demanding in choosing a place; in very harsh winters they can partially freeze, but they are saved from death by their high ability to regenerate.
 Cotoneaster multiflorum-WITH. multiflorus Bge.
It is found naturally in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Western Siberia, and Western China. It grows singly or in small groups in forests, as well as in bush thickets. Light-loving mesophyte, micromesotherm, mesotroph, assectator of undergrowth of bushes. Protected in nature reserves. In cultivation it is found in botanical gardens in Europe. Semi-evergreen shrub up to 3 m tall, with thin, tomentose, curved branches when young. Broadly ovate leaves up to 5 cm long, silver-gray in spring, dark green in summer, purple-red in autumn. Less frost-hardy than brilliant cotoneaster. Quite large white flowers (up to 1 cm), similar in shape to serviceberry flowers, are collected in 6-20 corymbose inflorescences and make it very spectacular during the flowering period lasting from 16 to 25 days. Bright red, abundant, spherical fruits enhance its decorative value in autumn. Fruits from 5 to 6 years of age. The fruits ripen in August. In GBS since 1941, 1 sample (3 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats. At 25 years old, the height is 2.3 m, the crown diameter is 230 cm. It grows from 28.IV ± 11 to 16.X ± 11 for 170 days. The growth rate is average. Blooms from 4.VI ± 5 to 13.VI ± 5 for 9 days. It bears fruit from the age of 4, the fruits ripen 29.VIII ± 9. Seed viability is 90%. 80% of cuttings take root (without treatment). Frost-resistant and drought-resistant. For successful development it needs fertile and lime-rich soil. Propagated by seeds. The seed sowing rate is 4 - 6 g per meter. Very good in single and edge plantings. Since 1879, it has been widespread throughout the European part of Russia. It has a beautifully fruited form (f. calicarpa) - with narrower and longer leaves than the typical form and larger, up to 1 cm, abundant fruits. Photo by Kirill Kravchenko |
| Cotoneaster- Cotoneaster racemiflorus It is promising for central Russia. It is less known in culture than previous species. This is a shrub up to 3 m high, with medium-sized bluish-green leaves. Young shoots and leaves are covered with thick white-tomentose pubescence on the underside. Small white-pink flowers are collected in inflorescences of 7-12 pieces, covering the entire bush in May. The first flowering occurs at 4 years of age. In August, when numerous elliptical or spherical bright red fruits ripen, the shrub becomes even more elegant. The fruits do not fall after leaf fall and hang on the bush until the first snow. |
| Pink cotoneaster- S. roseus Edgew.
Homeland - northwestern Himalayas. Grows on mountain slopes. Mesoxerophyte, mesotroph, micromesotherm. A very rare decorative species in culture. A shrub up to 1.5 m high with thin shoots, elliptical leaves up to 6 cm long and small pink flowers collected in inflorescences of 9 pieces. It blooms for the first time at the age of 8. It blooms profusely in June for 3-4 weeks, but does not bear fruit every year. In October, 2-3 seeds ripen in round pink-red fruits with a diameter of up to 6 mm. It is very decorative during flowering (in June) and especially in autumn with fruits that, ripening at the end of September, decorate the plants until lasting frosts. In GBS since 1953, 2 samples (5 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from Kamyshin and reproductions of GBS. At 39 years old, the height is 1.75 m, crown diameter is 210 cm. It grows from mid-April to the end of October. The growth rate is average. Blooms in June. It bears fruit from the age of 6, the fruits ripen in early October. 20% of cuttings take root (without treatment). Propagated by seeds and green cuttings. Less winter-hardy than brilliant cotoneaster; During severe frosts, the tops of the shoots freeze. Requires sanitary pruning annually. Photophilous, resistant to diseases and pests. Recommended for decorative groups and solitaire plantings. |
All other types of cotoneasters are even more whimsical and are damaged by frosts in central Russia, if they are not covered with snow in snowless winters. But they winter well under the snow and do not freeze above the snow cover, and they also have a high regenerative ability.
| Cotoneaster one-flowered- Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge
Grows in the mountain forests of the Urals, Altai and Western Sayans. Grows on rocky slopes as part of bush thickets. Light-loving psychrophyte-petrophyte, facultative calcephyte, hexistomicrotherm, occasionally assectator of the shrub layer. Protected in nature reserves. It is low (about 50 cm), spreading, and in harsh conditions it acquires a creeping growth form. The leaves are up to 3 cm long, dark green above, yellowish below. In autumn the leaves turn bright red. Flowering in the culture occurs in the 8th year. Single flowers are located in the axils of the leaves, which is why it is called single-flowered. The fruits are bright, orange-red, spherical in shape. This species is rarely found in culture. For cultivation, select places protected from cold winds. Does not tolerate drought and bright sunlight. Recommended for planting in borders. In GBS since 1954, 1 sample (2 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats. At 22 years old, the height is 0.3 m, the crown diameter is 100 cm. It grows from the end of April to the end of September. The growth rate is average. Blooms in May-June. It bears fruit from 4-5 years, the fruits ripen at the end of July. Winter hardiness is average. Seed viability is 100%. 18% of cuttings take root when treated with a 0.01% IBA solution for 16 hours. |
 Cotoneaster pressed- S. adpressus Bois.
Found naturally in the western regions of China. It received this name due to its prostrate growth form and shoots pressed to the ground. Individual branches are capable of rooting. A low-growing, creeping shrub, with small, up to 1.5 cm long, dull green leaves, on branches rising above the ground. During flowering, it is decorated with numerous pink flowers; in autumn, the crown is colored with spots of bright red fruits. The shrub blooms and bears fruit from the age of 9. Propagated by seeds and layering. The garden form “Early” (var. praecox) is known. In GBS since 1951, 1 sample (2 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from Europe. At 6 years, height is 0.4 m, crown diameter is 43 cm. It grows from the second ten days of April until the end of October and beginning of November. The growth rate is average. Blooms in early June. It bears fruit from the age of 4, the fruits ripen in late September-early October. Seed germination is average. Very effective in single and group plantings on rocky hills. Recommended for the southern and western regions of the European part of Russia. In culture since 1896. Stable, but overwinters only under snow. Photo by EDSR. |
| Cotoneaster horizontal- C. horizontalis Decne
Originally from Central China. Grows on mountain slopes. Widely distributed in culture, both in the collections of botanical gardens and in the landscaping of cities in Europe, North America and East Asia. The name of the species indicates the nature of its growth. This is an evergreen shrub up to 50 cm high, with horizontally outstretched, almost pressed to the ground, pinnately branched shoots located in the same plane. Its small, almost round, up to 1.5 cm, dark green leaves, purple in autumn, are remarkable. The flowers are single or paired, sessile, with pinkish-reddish petals. It blooms from late May to mid-June, for three weeks. The fruits are spherical with a diameter of 4-5 mm, bright red, shiny, ripen in September and remain en masse until December, in the lower part of the bush - even until the spring of next year, giving the plants a special decorative appearance. In GBS since 1946, 5 samples (9 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from botanical gardens in Europe and the USA. At 40 years old, the height is 0.4 m, crown diameter is 95 cm. It grows in the second half of May. The growth rate is average. Blooms from the second half of May to early July. The fruits ripen at the end of September. Seed germination rate is 15%. 100% of cuttings root when treated with a 0.01% IBA solution for 16 hours. Drought and gas resistant. This species is demanding on soil fertility. It grows quickly and expands greatly, the crown diameter is more than 1 m. It is light-loving. One of the most elegant views. First introduced into culture in 1880. Widely used in the southern half of European Russia. In the north it freezes, but near St. Petersburg it winters under snow, with light shelter. An excellent ground cover plant, including for rocky gardens, for strengthening slopes, and cascade (terrace) landscaping. In the photo on the left, Cotoneaster horizontalis f. "Variegatus"(C. atropurpureus "Variegatus"). This prostrate, up to 30 cm tall and more than 1.5 m in diameter (after 5 years of cultivation) evergreen shrub is especially beautiful in the fall, when the small leaves turn red, pink with a cream edge. Each leaf (1.5 cm long) with a white stripe along the edge. Bright red shiny round fruits are decorative. "Perpusillus". A prostrate shrub 15-20 cm tall covers an area up to 0.5-1 m in diameter. It grows quite slowly. It blooms with pink flowers in early summer. At the end of summer, scarlet berries appear. In autumn, the dark green leaves acquire a purple tint and the bush looks very beautiful. |
| Dummer cotoneaster-WITH. dammerii C.K. Schneid.
More stable in temperate climates, similar in appearance to the previous species. It grows wild in the mountains of Central China. The creeping shoots of the bush are almost pressed to the ground and partially take root. They branch in one plane, rising only 20-30 cm, and grow to the sides at a distance of up to 1.5 m. Dark green leathery leaves with a blunt apex are similar to evergreens and do not fall off for a long time. The leaves are very small, elliptical, up to 2 cm long. Small reddish flowers sitting on branches are good. In September, the shiny foliage is very well combined with ripening and long-lasting numerous coral-red fruits with a diameter of up to 6 mm, closely located on the shoots. In late autumn, the plant becomes even more colorful with bright fruits and purple leaves. In GBS since 1952, 3 samples (15 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from the Botanical Garden of Bratislava (Slovakia) and reproductions of GBS. At 19 years of age, the length of creeping shoots reaches 1.2 m. It grows from the end of April until the first frost. The growth rate is average. Blooms from the second half of June to early July. It bears fruit from the age of 7, the fruits ripen at the end of September. Winters under the snow. Seed germination is average. 97% of cuttings take root when treated with phyton for 16 hours.
Varieties: Photo on the left of Natalia Pavlova
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Dummer's cotoneaster propagates by seeds, layering and cuttings. It is drought-resistant, winters under snow and does not freeze. Grows well in light rocky, poor sandy soil. Prefers a sunny position, but also tolerates light shade. It grows quickly. Drought resistant. Known in cultivation since 1900. The characteristic habit and the way shoots grow make this shrub indispensable for alpine hills and arranging retaining walls.| Henry's cotoneaster-WITH. henryanus Rehd et Wits.
Homeland Western China. Representative of the group of evergreen cotoneasters. The shrub, reaching 5 m in height, has a beautiful, tent-shaped crown and long curved shoots. The leaves are oblong, up to 12 cm long, dark green above, shiny, initially grayish-tomentose below, later grayish-green. White, fragrant flowers up to 1 cm with purple anthers are collected in stitch-shaped inflorescences. Dark carmine, colorful fruits adorn the plants in the fall. Grows quickly. One of the most beautiful views. Decorative all year round - with a tent-shaped crown, dark green shiny foliage, against which in the fall the old leaves stand out beautifully, taking on an orange color before falling. Effective during flowering. Used in single and group plantings in the south of Russia. In culture since 1901. |
 Cotoneaster vesica- S. bullatus Bois
East Asia. Introduced in 1898 Deciduous shrub up to 3 m in height. It got its name from its dark green glossy leaves that give the impression of being wrinkled. In autumn, before the leaves fall, they turn bright red. Numerous light red spherical apples hang in clusters from the branches on long petioles. The plant is winter-hardy down to -23 degrees, so it often freezes to the level of snow cover. In GBS since 1949, 4 samples (15 copies) were grown from GBS reproduction seeds (mother samples fell out of the collection). At 19 years old, the height is 1.6 m, the crown diameter is 110 cm. It grows from mid-April-early May to the end of October-early November. The growth rate is average. Blooms from June to early August. It bears fruit from the age of 5, the fruits ripen at the end of September. Winter hardiness is low. 50% of cuttings take root when treated with phyton for 16 hours. Photo from the book “Flowers, ornamental shrubs and trees in our garden” by Karin Greiner, Angelika Weber |
Location: They develop better in areas with full light, but can also tolerate partial shade.
The soil: They are undemanding to soil fertility and moisture. However, the following soil composition is recommended: turf soil, peat compost, sand in a ratio of 2:1:2. Multifloral cotoneaster needs lime 300 g/m2. m.
Landing: the distance between plants is 0.5 - 2 m, depending on the diameter of the crown of an adult plant. Planting depth 50 - 70 cm: root collar at ground level. Drainage is required (gravel or broken brick, layer 10-20 cm).
Care: In the spring, complete mineral fertilizer is applied: Kemiru-universal at the rate of 100 - 120 g per 1 sq. m. m or 20 -30 g of urea per 10 liters of water. In the summer, before flowering, give granular superphosphate 60 g/m2. mi 10 - 15 g/sq. m potassium sulfate. Many types of cotoneaster are drought-resistant and do not require watering, or it is only needed in very dry summers, 1-2 times a month, 8 liters of water per plant. Loosening is carried out shallow (10 - 15 cm) after removing the weeds. After planting the seedlings, they mulch with peat, a layer of 5-8 cm. Cotoneasters can be successfully trimmed to shape, and dense hedges of medium height are formed. After pruning, they grow back strongly, maintaining their growth form. It is allowed to trim 1/3 of the length of the annual shoot. Cotoneasters overwinter with light cover with a dry leaf or peat layer of 3 - 6 cm or under snow. Sometimes in winter the branches are bent to the ground to protect the flower buds from frost.
Protection from pests and diseases: Fusarium. The affected parts of the plants are removed and burned. Disinfect the soil or change the planting site if the disease spreads strongly. WITH yellow bear fight by spraying with any of the organophosphorus insecticides. Against aphids - early spring spraying with DNOC or nitrafen. The larvae are sprayed with karbofos, metafos, rogor, saifos. If necessary, spraying is repeated. Herbal infusions include black henbane, tall larkspur, potato tops, yarrow, shag, etc. Against moths after flowering and in the summer, spray with: amifos, karbofos (0.1 - 0.4%) or rogor (0.2%). The most effective are fozalon (0.2%) or gardon (0.1-0.35%). During flowering, entobacterin is used, applying two or three times with an interval of 12-14 days.
Reproduction: seeds, layering, cuttings, grafting. Seeds, as a rule, have very low germination (40 - 60%). When washed, defective seeds float to the surface and must be discarded. The remaining seeds should be sown and remember that they have a long dormant period and are very difficult to germinate. They need to be stratified and sown in the fall of next year.
When propagated by green cuttings, a high percentage of rooting is obtained when the cuttings are covered with film. The best time for cuttings is the second half of July. The substrate consists of a mixture of peat and sand, taken in equal quantities.
Usage: very valuable ornamental shrubs due to their dense crown, shiny dark green leaves and numerous bright fruits that remain on the branches for a long time. Recommended for edges, groups, single plantings on the lawn, borders and dense hedges. Some species are used to form undergrowth, on rocky hills and slopes.
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