The foundation is the basis of any structure. The integrity of the entire house will depend on the condition of the foundation. In addition to the fact that the foundation must be strong, with high load-bearing capacities, it also must be protected from negative atmospheric influences. To do this, thermal insulation and waterproofing are carried out. Increasing the insulation serves to create more warmth and comfort in the home. Waterproofing is designed to protect against moisture. But in most cases, a waterproofing system alone is not enough. Waterproofing copes well with surface water, but cannot control the aggressive behavior of groundwater. To deal with this, install ring foundation drainage. Using this method, depending on the type of soil, water will not gain access to the structure or will enter, but minimally and without harm, due to lowering the groundwater level.

If you ignore this action, the degree of humidity in the basement and outer walls of the foundation will increase. An increase in moisture will lead to the formation of mold, fungi and microbes, which will lead to rapid destruction of the foundation and harm to health. If the foundation collapses before the rest of the house, the building will become uninhabitable.

The basement is an integral part of most homes. The drainage system will allow you to use the basement for various purposes, as it protects it from leaks and mold.

Experts recommend designing a house immediately with a drainage system diagram. But it also provides for the installation of drainage during the operation of the structure. A ring system is perfect for this - a pipeline around the house to drain groundwater and precipitation. Storm drains are provided for rain and snow. Foundation ring drainage prolongs the life of the structure by preventing destruction of the base from corrosion and leaks of the basement.

Before starting drainage, build a foundation by drawing up a detailed design of the building and a pipe laying diagram. This must be agreed upon with the customer. This is where the client’s participation ends; all remaining responsibility falls on the shoulders of the company. The construction organization draws up a clear action plan that creates unity of work and speeds up the process. Deviation from the order can lead to consequences that will be very expensive to correct. Each stage is controlled by building codes and standards.

Next, the team digs a trench, which is compacted with sand. This is done to allow water to flow by gravity through the pipes into the well. Then, geotextile fabric is compacted to prevent siltation. A layer of crushed stone is laid and pipes are laid below the base base. And in the corners of the house, containers for draining water - wells - are installed. Such ring foundation drainage ensures reliability, durability and practicality of the design.

Build a foundation works with both special pipes and ordinary plastic sewer pipes. Typically, special pipes are already wrapped in filtration fabrics. Using them will significantly speed up the process.

To maintain external aesthetics, the company offers hidden drainage. The pipes are installed underground. You can plant flowers or lawn grass in place of the system.

Sprinkles

Sprinkles of different layers perform the function of filtration, compaction and strengthening.

Single layer.
Gravel or crushed stone layer. Fall asleep in sandy soil.
Double layer.
Crushed stone and sand are used on medium and fine sand.

Also sprinkles for ring foundation drainage differ in shapes and cross-sectional outlines:

rectangular;
trapezoidal.

The drainage service is performed by experienced craftsmen, who will not have to redo it, spending extra money and effort. Professionals will be able to give practical advice, while leaving the right of choice to the client. The company works directly with manufacturers. These factors allow us to guarantee the quality of work, which is confirmed by relevant certificates. The company strictly ensures that all work is completed on time. Building regulations are also followed.

We work in all areas of Moscow and Moscow Region:

Aprelevka, Balashikha, Bronnitsy, Vereya, Vidnoye, Vlasikha, Volokolamsk, Voskresensk, Vysokovsk, Golitsyno, Dedovsk, Dzerzhinsky, Dmitrov, Dolgoprudny, Domodedovo, Drezna, Dubna, Yegoryevsk, Zheleznodorozhny, Zhukovsky, Zaraysk, Zvenigorod, Ivanteevka, Iksha, Istra, Kashira, Klimovsk, Klin, Kolomna, Korolev, Kotelniki, Kraskovo, Krasnoarmeysk, Krasnogorsk, Krasnozavodsk, Krasnoznamensk, Kubinka, Kurovskoye, Likino-Dulyovo, Lobnya, Lukhovitsy, Lytkarino, Lyubertsy, Malakhovka, Mozhaisk, Monino, Moskovsky, Mytishchi, Nar- Fominsk, Nakhabino, Noginsk, Odintsovo, Necklace, Lakes, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Pavlovsky Posad, Peresvet, Podolsk, Protvino, Pushkino, Pushchino, Ramenskoye, Reutov, Roshal, Ruza, Sergiev Posad, Serpukhov, Solnechnogorsk, Staraya Kupavna, Stupino, Skhodnya , Taldom, Tomilino, Troitsk, Fryazino, Khimki, Khotkovo, Chernogolovka, Chekhov, Shatura, Shchelkovo, Shcherbinka, Elektrogorsk, Elektrostal, Elektrougli, Yubileiny, Yakhroma, Losino-Petrovsky, full list of cities.

When building a private house, the problem of draining groundwater from the foundation often arises. This is very important when their level is high and the base of the soil is clay or loam. This is also of great importance if the house has a basement or basement. If you do not drain the foundation of the building, the basement will always be damp, the walls will become covered with mold, and the floor may also be flooded with groundwater.

Water negatively affects the durability and strength of concrete structures of the foundation of a house, regardless of the quality and composition of the waterproofing. The foundation drainage scheme is developed at the design stage and is carried out together with the construction of the foundation, which allows saving on excavation work.

Main types of drainage system

Based on their functional purpose and installation method, there are several main types of drainage around the foundation of a house:

surface drainage - acts as a storm drain around the house, closely connected with the roof drainage system;
wall foundation drainage;
foundation ring drainage;
reservoir drainage.

Each type has its own characteristics and purpose. Often, several types of drainage are performed simultaneously, with surface drainage removing rainwater from the roof of a building, and wall drainage draining groundwater from the base of the foundation.

Photo from the site during drainage installation.

Ring drainage is often used in the construction of private houses in areas with high groundwater levels. It consists of perforated drainage pipes laid along the perimeter of the house foundation and inspection wells.

Such a drainage system can be around any foundation - slab, strip, columnar. This system ends with a common drainage well into which all waste water is discharged. Water is drained from it by a sewer pipe towards the street or ravine.

The difference between wall and ring drainage is the distance of its installation from the surface of the foundation. For ring drainage this is an average of three meters, and wall drainage is installed at a distance of about one meter.

Reservoir drainage is performed under the entire area of the building and can be used with slab and strip foundations. It is often used in the construction of baths.

There is a so-called system. foundation drainage light, used to protect basements from groundwater in clay soils. It is usually used for unused basements.

Materials and tools

To install foundation drainage, you will need the following materials, which must be purchased in advance, taking into account the draft:

perforated plastic pipe;
geotextiles;
inspection wells;
sand;
crushed stone

If necessary, you can use available materials to construct inspection wells.

Film for waterproofing.

In addition to materials for high-quality installation, you will need the necessary tools:

shovels and bayonet shovels;
jackhammer;
wheelbarrow for transporting soil and crushed stone;
laser or regular level;
tape measure and pegs;
cord;
grinder for cutting pipes;
knife for cutting geotextiles.

All work on installing a ring drainage system around the house does not present much difficulty in its implementation and can be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. However, design documentation, which stipulates the need for a drainage system, must be ordered from specialized design organizations that can assess the composition of the soil in the selected area.

Drainage device

A common type of drainage system for the foundation of a house is ring drainage. It is better to carry it out in parallel with the construction of the foundation of the house. Let us consider step by step the entire process of installing such a system. Waterproofing must be done before drainage can be carried out. All work can be divided into the following stages:

preparing a trench around the house to the depth of the foundation, its width can be any, but not less than 50 cm, while the bottom is made with a slope of approximately 2 cm per meter;
backfilling the underlying cushion with sand 150 - 200 mm thick;
installation of inspection and drainage wells in the corners of the building; holes must first be made in their walls;
laying geotextiles up to two meters wide at the bottom of the trench;
installing a layer of medium-fraction crushed stone at the bottom of the trench on top of geotextiles, this layer should be up to 20 cm thick;
laying perforated pipes with a slope;
filling the pipes with crushed stone in a layer of approximately 30 - 40 cm;
wrapping pipes covered with crushed stone, geotextiles with an overlap;
backfilling the trench with soil to the level of the blind area.

Foundation drainage can be done with your own hands without the involvement of specialists. The considered option relates to the installation of deep drainage to combat groundwater. Using the same technology, surface drainage can be made, acting as a storm drain, collecting and discharging rainwater from the roof and the surrounding area.

Let us consider in more detail the design of deep drainage for the foundation of a building. This type is suitable for a strip foundation of a house. Ring drainage, like wall drainage around the foundation, can be carried out both after the construction of the house, and in parallel with the construction of the foundation, which is much preferable.

The depth of drainage varies, but it mainly depends on the depth of the foundation. It is optimal when the drainage pipes are at the level of the lower plane of the strip foundation.

To correctly design a slope, it is best to use a laser or optical level, setting a slope of 2 cm per linear meter. The mark of the trench can be easily determined by knowing the depth of the drainage pipe - it is approximately equal to the depth of the foundation. In this case, the trench is deepened 300 mm lower - for the installation of a sand cushion and crushed stone backfill.

After laying the pipes and connecting them to the inspection wells, the slope is finally checked, and, if necessary, backfilling or recessing is done - this is the most important stage of the entire work. The slope is checked throughout the drainage system: between inspection wells, between the ring drainage and the last well, as well as the exit from it to the street well or ravine. Everywhere there must be a slope of at least 2 cm per meter.

Wall drainage.

The next stage is filling the pipes with a layer of crushed stone and wrapping this “pie” with geotextile so that the fabric overlaps. All that remains is to backfill - it can be done with sand or soil previously removed from the trench.

Until now, design organizations,carried out those planning the design of drainage systems (hereinafter referred to as drainages) in Moscow are guided by the “Temporary guidelines for the design of drainages in Moscow ve (N M- 15- 69) » , developed in 1969 “Mosproe who m-1” and “Mosinzhproe who.”

During the practical use of the “Temporary Instructions”, new drainage designs have appeared, based on the use of modern materials, and both positive and negative experience in the design and construction of drainages has been accumulated, which necessitates the development of a new regulatory document.

Application area

The “Guide” is intended for use in the design and construction of drainages of buildings, structures and underground communication channels located in residential microdistricts, as well as for detached buildings and structures.

The “Guidelines” do not apply to the design of shallow road drainages, transport and other special-purpose structures, as well as temporary dewatering during construction work.

a common part

To protect buried parts of buildings (basements, technical undergrounds, pits, etc.), internalquarterly x collectors, communication channels from flooding with groundwater must provide there is drainage and... Con with Drainage structures and waterproofing of the underground part of buildings and structures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.06.15-85,SNiP 2.02.01-83*,MGSN 2.07-97, “Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures”, developed by TsNIIPpromzdany in 1996year and the requirements of this “Manual”.

Drainage design should be carried out on the basis of specific data on the hydrogeological conditions of the construction site, the degree of aggressiveness of groundwater to building structures, space-planning and design solutions of protected buildings and structures, as well as the functional purpose of these premises.

Prot And vocapillary waterproofing in walls and coating or painting insulation of vertical wall surfaces,in contact with the ground, must be provided in all cases, regardless of the drainage arrangement.

The installation of drains is mandatory in cases of location :

basement floors ,technical subfields, int. morning and quarterly x collectors, communication channels, etc. below the calculated groundwater level or if the elevation of the floors above the calculated groundwater level is less 50 cm;

floors of exploited basements, intra-block collectors, communication channels in clay and loamy soils, regardless of the presenceI groundwater;

floors of basements located in the zone of capillary humidification, when the appearance of water in the basement is not allowed s grow;

floors of technical undergrounds in clay and loamy soils when they are buried more than 1, 3m from the planning surface of the earth, regardless of the presence of groundwater;

floors of technical undergrounds in clayey and loamy soils when they are buried less than 1, 3m from the planning surface of the earth when the floor is located on the foundation slab, as well as in cases where sand lenses approach the building from the upland side or a thalweg is located from the upland side to the building.

To prevent flooding of soil areas and the flow of water to buildings and structures, in addition to the installation of drainages, it is necessary to provide:

standard soil compaction when backfilling pits and trenches;

as a rule, closed outlets of drains from the roof of buildings;

drainage sch there are open trays with a cross-section≥15×15 see with longitudinal slope,≥1% with open drain outlets;

installation of blind areas for buildings wide≥100see with active cross slope from buildings≥2% to roads or trays;

hermetic sealing of holes in external walls and foundations at the inputs and outputs of utility networks;

organized surface runoff from the territory of the designed facility, which does not impair the drainage of rain and melt water from the adjacent territory.

In cases where, due to low elevations of the existing ground surface, it is not possible to ensure the drainage of surface water or to achieve the required reduction of groundwater, provision should be made for filling the area to the required elevations. If it is impossible to drain drainage water by gravity from individual buildings and structures or a group of buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of pumping stations for pumping drainage water.

The design of drainages for new facilities should be carried out taking into account existing or previously designed drainages of adjacent territories y.

If there is a general decrease in the groundwater level in the microdistrict, the marks for the reduced groundwater level should be set at 0, 5m below the floors of basements, technical undergrounds, communication channels and other structures. If a general lowering of the groundwater level is impossible or impractical, local drainage should be provided for individual buildings and structures (or groups of buildings)).

Local drainage, as a rule, should be arranged in cases of significant deepening of underground floors separatelys x buildings if it is impossible to remove drainage water by gravity.

Types of drains

Depending on the location of the drainage in relation to the aquifer, drainages can be of a perfect or imperfect type.

Perfect type drainage is laid on aquifer. Groundwater enters the drainage from above and from the sides. In accordance with these conditions, a perfect type of drainage must have a drainage layer on top and on the sides (see Fig.).

An imperfect type of drainage is laid above the aquifer. Groundwater enters drainages from all sides, so drainage filling must be carried outh closed on all sides (see fig.).

Initial data for drainage design

To draw up a drainage project, the following data and materials are required:

technical report on hydrogeological conditions of construction;

scale plan of the territory 1: 500with existing and planned buildings and underground structures;

relief organization project;

plans and floor marks of basements and subfloors of buildings;

plans, sections and developments of building foundations;

plans ,longitudinal profiles and sections of underground channels.

The technical report on the hydrogeological conditions of construction should contain the characteristics of groundwater, geologicalG o-lithological structure of the site and physical and mechanical properties of soils.

The groundwater characteristics section should indicate:

reasons for the formation and sources of groundwater supply;

groundwater regime and marks of the appeared, established and calculated levels of groundwater, and, if necessary, the height of the zone of capillary soil moisture;

chemical analysis data and conclusion on the aggressiveness of groundwater in relation to concrete and mortar A m.

The geological and lithological section provides a general description of the structure of the site.

The characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of soils should indicate:

granulometric composition of sandy soils;

filtration coefficients of sandy soils and sandy loams;

porosity and fluid loss coefficients;

angle of repose and bearing capacity of soils.

The conclusion should be accompanied by the main geological sections and soil “columns” from the boreholes, necessary for compiling geological sections along the drainage routes.

If necessary, in difficult hydrogeological conditions for drainage projects of blocks and microdistricts, a hydroisohypsum map and a soil distribution map should be attached to the technical conclusion.

In the case of special requirements for the drainage device caused by the specific operating conditions of the protected premises and structures, these requirements must be set forth by the customer as additional initial materials for drainage design.

General conditions for choosing a drainage system

The drainage system is selected depending on the nature of the protected object and hydrogeological conditions.

When designing new blocks and microdistricts in areas with high groundwater levels, a general drainage scheme must be developed.

The drainage scheme includes drainage systems,ensuring a general decrease in the level of groundwater in the territory of the block (microdistrict), and local drainages to protect individual structures from flooding by groundwater y.

Drainages that ensure a general decrease in groundwater levels include drainages:

head or shore;

systematically

Local drainages include drainages:

annular;

wall;

layers y.

Local drainages also include drainages intended forh protection of individual structures:

drainage of underground channels;

pit drainage;

road drainage;

drainage of backfilled rivers, streams, ravines and ravines;

slope and wall s th drainages;

drainage of underground parts of existing buildings.

Under favorable conditions (in sandy soils, as well as in sandy layers with a large area of their distribution), local drainages can simultaneously contribute to a general decrease in groundwater levels.

In areas where groundwater occurs in sandy soils,Drainage systems should be used to ensure a general decrease in the groundwater level.

In this case, local drainages should be used to protect individual especially buried structures from flooding with groundwater.

In areas where groundwater lies in clayey, loamy and other soils with low water yield, it is necessary to arrange local drainage And.

Local “preventive” drainages should also be installed in the absence of observable groundwater to protect underground structures locatedl agae in clayey and loamy soils.

In areas with a layered aquifer structure, both general drainage systems and local drainages should be installed.

General drainage systems should be installed to drain water-logged sandy layers through which water enters the drained area. In this system, separate local drainages can also be used, with a depression radiusn The new curve covers a significant area of territory. Local drainages must be arranged for underground structures laid in areas where the aquifer is not completely drained by the general drainage system, as well as in places where h possible appearance of perched water.

In built-up areas, during the construction of individual buildings and structures that need protection from groundwater flooding, local drainage must be installed. The design and construction of these drains must take into account their impact on adjacent existing structures.

Head drainage

To drain areas flooded by a flow of groundwater with a recharge area located outside this territory, a head drainage should be installed (see Fig.).

The head drainage must be laid along the upper, in relation to the underground flow, border of the drained area. The drainage route is designated taking into account the location of the building and is carried out, if possible, in places with higher elevations in d support

The head drain should, as a rule, cross the groundwater flow along its entire width.

When the length of the head drainage is less than the width of the underground flow, additional drains should be installed along the lateral boundaries of the drained area in order to intercept groundwater flowing from the side.

If the aquitard is shallow, the head drainage should be laid on the surface of the aquitard (with some penetration into it) in order to completely intercept groundwater, like a perfect type of drainage.

In cases where it is not possible to lay drainage on an aquiclude, and drainage conditions require that the flow of groundwater be completely intercepted, a screen made of a waterproof sheet piling is installed below the drainage, which must be lowered below the aquitard level.

When the aquitard is deep, the head drainage is laid above the aquifer, as an imperfect type of drainage. In this case, it is necessary to calculate the depression curve. If the installation of one head drainage line does not achieve a decrease in the groundwater level to the specified levels, a second drainage line should be laid parallel to the head drainage. The distance between drainages is determined by calculation.

If the part of the aquifer located above the drainage consists of sandy soils with a filtration coefficient of less than 5m /from ut ki, the lower part of the drainage trench must be filled with sand with a filtration coefficient of at least 5 m/day (see fig.).

The height of sand filling is 0,6 - 0,7H, where: H is the height from the bottom of the drainage trench to the unreduced design groundwater level.

If part of the aquifer located above the drainage has a layered structure, with alternating layers of sand and loam, backfill the drainage trench with sand with a filtration coefficient of at least5m/day must be made on 30see above for the unreduced design groundwater level.

Backfilling with sand can be carried out over the entire width of the vertical trenchl with a thin or inclined prism, with a thickness of at least 30see. For perfect type head drainage, when the aquifer does not have clay, loamy and sandy loam layers, a sand prism can be installed only on one side of the trench (from the side of the water inflow).

If the head drainage is laid in the thickness of relatively weakly permeable soils, underlying well-permeable soils, a combined drainage should be installed, consisting of a horizontal drain and vertical self-flowing wells (see Fig.).

Vertical wells must be connected by their base to the permeable soils of the aquifer, and by their upper part to the inner layer of the horizontal drain bedding.

For draining coastal areas that are flooded due to backwater in rivers and reservoirs,Coastal drainage should be installed (see Fig.), where the symbols are: M G - low-water horizon of the reservoir, G P B is the horizon of backed-up waters of the reservoir.

Coastal drainage is laid parallel to the shore of the reservoir and laid below the normally supported horizon (NP D) a reservoir by an amount determined by calculation.

If necessary, head and bank drainages can be used in combination with other drainage systems.

Systematic drainage

In areas where groundwater does not have a clearly defined flow direction, and the aquifer is composed of sandy soils or has a layered structure with open sand layers, systematic drainage should be arranged (see Fig.).

The distance between systematic drainage drains and their depth are determined by calculation.

In urban conditions, systematic drainage can be arranged in combination with local drainage. In this case, when designing individual drains, it is necessary to decide whether they can be one and the sameV temporary use as local drainage, protecting individual structures and as elements of systematic drainage, ensuring a general decrease in the groundwater level in the drained area.

When laying drains for systematic drainage in the thickness of soil with weak water permeability, underlying well-permeable soils, combined drainage should be used, consisting of horizontal drains with vertical,self-flowing wells (see fig.).

In areas flooded by groundwater flows, the recharge area of which also covers the drained area, head and systematic drainage should be used together.

Ring drainage

To protect basements and subfloors of detached buildings or a group of buildings from flooding with groundwater, when they are located in aquiferous sandy soils, ring drains should be installed (see Fig.).

Ring drainages should also be installed to protect especially damaged basements in new neighborhoods and microdistricts when the depth of the groundwater level drop is insufficient by the general drainage system of the territory.

With good water permeability of sandy soils, as well as when laying drainage on an aquifer,it is possible to arrange a common ring drainage for a group of neighboring buildings.

With a clearly expressed one-way influx of groundwater, drainage can be arranged in the form of an open circuit.l tsa according to the type of head drainage.

Ring drainage must be laid below the floor of the protected structure to a depth,determined by calculation.

If the building is large or when several buildings are protected by one drainage, as well as in the case of special requirements for the reduction of groundwater under the protected structure, the depth of the drainage is taken in accordance with the calculation, in which the excess of the reduced groundwater level in the center of the ring drainage contour must be determined above the water level in the drain. If the drainage depth is insufficient, intermediate “cut” drains should be installed.

Ring drainage should be laid at a distance 5 - 8m from the wall of the building. With a smaller distance or greater depth of drainage, it is necessary to take measures against the removal,weakening and settlement of the soil under the building foundation I

Wall drainage

To protect basements and subfloors of buildings laid in clay and loamy soils from groundwater, wall drainages should be installed.

Wall “preventive” drainages must also be installed in the absence of groundwater in the area of basements and underground areas located in clayey and loamy soils.

If the aquifer has a layered structure, wall or ring drains should be installed to protect basements and subfloors of buildings, depending on local conditions.

If individual parts of the building are located in areas with different geological conditions, in these areas it can be used as a ring,and wall drainage.

Wall drainage is laid along the contour of the building from the outsides. The distance between the drainage and the wall of the building is determined by the width of the building foundations and the placement of drainage inspection wells.

Wall drainage, as a rule, should be laid at levels not lower than the bottom of the strip foundation or the base of the foundation slabs s.

If the foundations are laid at a great depth from the basement floor level, wall drainage can be laid above the base of the foundations, provided that measures are taken to prevent drainage subsidence.

Installation of wall drainage using modern polymer filter materials, in particular using the “Dreniz” casing», reduces construction costs by saving sand.

The Dreniz shell consists of a two-layer structure: a special profile sheet made of polymer material (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinAnd lchloride) and non-woven geotextile filter material, fastened together by welding or waterproof glue. Shell sheets"Dreniz" overlap each other Art.

The technology for using this material is indicatedV Instructions VSN 35-95.

Formative drainage

To protect against flooding by groundwater the basements and subfloors of buildings located in difficult hydrogeological conditions, such as: in aquifers of high thickness, with a layered structure of the aquifer, in the presence of pressurized groundwater, etc., as well as in the case of insufficient effectiveness of using ring or wall drainage, reservoir drainage should be installed (see Fig.).

In aquifers of large thickness, it is necessary to first calculate the possible decrease in the groundwater level in the center of the ring drainage contour. In case of insufficient reduction of groundwater level, it is necessary to apply layers s th drainage.

If the structure of the aquifer is complex, with changes in its composition and water permeability (in plan and section), as well as in the presence of watered closed zones and lenses under the basement floor, reservoir drainages are installed.

In the presence of pressurized groundwater, ring or reservoir drainage should be used depending on local hydrogeological conditions with calculation justification.

To protect basements and structures in which, due to operating conditions, the appearance of dampness is not allowed, when laying these premises in the zone of capillary soil moisture, formation drainage should be installed.

Layered “preventive” drainages for such premises and structures located in clayey and loamy soils are also recommended to be provided in the absence of observable groundwater.

Reservoir drainages are installed in combination with tubular drainages (ring and wall).

To connect reservoir drainage with external tubular drainage, a tubular drainage is laid through the foundations of the building.

For underground buildings with foundations on pile grillages, reservoir drainage can be installed in combination with a single-line drainage laid under the building.

Drainage of underground channels

To protect heating network channels and collectors of underground structures from flooding by groundwater when laying them in aquiferous soils, it is necessary to install linear accompanying drainages.

“Preventive” (accompanying) drainages should be installed in clayey and loamy soils.

The accompanying drainage must be laid on 0,3 - 0,7 m below the base of the canal.

The accompanying drainage should be laid on one side of the channel at a distance 0, 7 - 1, 0m from the outer edge of the channel. Distance 0, 7m is necessary to place inspection wells.

When installing passage channels, drainage can be laid under the channel along its axis. In this case, special inspection rooms should be installed on the drainage.l boats with hatches sealed in the bottom of the canal.

In the case of laying the foundation of a canal on clay and loamy soils, as well as on sandy soils with a filtration coefficient of less than5m/day, under the base of the canal it is necessary to arrange layers s th drainage in the form of a continuous sand layer.

The reservoir drainage must be connected to the drainage bedding of the accompanying tubular drainage.

When constructing channels in clay and loamy soils,V soils with a layered structure, as well as in sandy soils with a filtration coefficient of less than 5m/day, both sides of the canal must be filled V vertical or inclined prisms made of sand with a filtration coefficient of at least e5 m/day.

Sand prisms are intended to receive water flowing from the sides and are arranged similarly to the sand prisms of the head and wall drainages.

Drainage of pits and buried parts of basements

Drainage of pits and recessed parts of basements must be decided in each case depending on local hydrogeological conditions and adopted building designs.

deepening of the lower section of the drainage, when buried rooms and pits are located at its lower part, counting along the flow of water in the drainage;

a general decrease in drainage when laying drainage and protected structures in sandy soils;

dividing the general drainage into separate parts with independent outlets; installation of additional local drainages.

When draining individual pitsV and buried premises, it is necessary to pay special attention to measures against the removal of soil from under the foundations of the building.

When installing ring drains, the foundations of the building can be laid slightly above the drainage. The excess of the building foundations above the drainage and the distance of the drainage from the building must be checked taking into account the angle of internal friction of the soil according to the formula:

Where

l min - the smallest distance of the drain axis from the wall of the building in m,

b - widened And e of the building foundation in m,

B is the width of the drainage trench in m,

H is the depth of the drain in m,

h - foundation depth in m,

φ - angle of internal friction of the soil.

When laying drainage below the foundation of buildings in order to avoid soil suffusion, special attention should be paid to the correct selection and installation of drainage fills, to the quality of sealing of seams and holes in wells,as well as for measures to prevent the removal of soil when digging drainage trenches.

If there is a large drop in the groundwater horizon under foundations (existing and planned), the soil settlement should be calculated.

When constructing differences in drainage within the zone of influence of the lower drain, the measures listed above should also be taken into account.

Drop s Wells must be constructed with careful sealing of all seams and holes.

Local drainage for individual pits is recommended to be arranged according to the type of reservoir drainage.

Other types of drainage

In some cases, the required reduction in groundwater levels can be achieved by a system of general drainage of the territory (head and systematic drainage).

Drains can be laid together with gutters (see fig.).

When filling rivers, streams, ravines and ravines, which are natural drainage of groundwater, in addition to collectors for draining surface water, it is necessary to install drainages to receive groundwater.

Drains must be provided with a connection to the aquifer on both sides of the drainage collector. With a large influx of groundwater,and also when laying a collector on clay and loam, two drains are laid, placing them on both sides of the collector.

If the groundwater inflow is low and the drainage collector is located in sandy soils, one drain can be laid, positioning it on the side of the larger water inflow. If sandy soils have a filtration coefficient less than5m/day, a layer must be constructed under the base of the reservoir s th drainage in the form of a continuous layer or individual prisms.

When the aquifer wedges out on slopes and slopes, it is necessaryd imo arrange intercepting drainage And.

Intercepting drains are laid at a depth no less than the freezing depth and are arranged like a head drain.

When aquifers are not clearly expressed and groundwater wedges out over the entire area of the slope, speciale slope drainages.

When installing retaining walls, in places where groundwater wedges out, a wall is installedth drainage. Zast oh This drainage is a continuous backfill of filter material laid behind the wall. If the length is short, wall drainage can be installed without a pipe. For significant lengths, it is recommended to install tubular drainage with drainage bedding.

To catch springs that wedge out on a slope, capture wells are installed.

Sloping and walls Drainages and capture wells must have secured water outlets.

To protect existing basements and subfloors of buildings, the type of drainage is chosen on a case-by-case basis, guided by local conditions.

In sandy soils, ring and head drainages are installed.

In clay and loamy soils at deepO When laying foundations, wall drainage is arranged, provided that such a solution is allowed by the design of the foundations and walls of the building.

Plastov m drainage is arranged in case,when a second floor can be installed in the basement at higher elevations. In this case, a layer of filter material (coarse sand with gravel or crushed stone prisms) is poured between the old and new floors and connected to an external tubular drainage, as in conventional reservoir drainages.

When designing and constructing drainages for existing buildings, measures must be taken against the removal and subsidence of soil.

In these cases, the excavation of the drainage trench should be carried out in short sections with immediate laying of the drainage and backfilling of the trench.

Drainage route

The routes of ring, wall and accompanying drainages are determined by reference to the protected structure.

The routes of head and systematic drainages are determined in accordance with hydrogeological conditions and building conditions.

When laying drainage below the base of the foundations of adjacent structures and networks, the distances between them must be checked taking into account the anglel and the natural slope of the soil from the edge of the base of the foundation of the structure (or network) to the edge of the drainage trench (see).

Longitudinal drainage profile

The depth of drainage should be no less than the depth of soil freezing.

The depth of the head, ring and systematic drainages is determined by hydraulic calculations and the depth of the protected buildings and structures.

The depth of wall and associated drainages is determined in accordance with the depth of the protected structures.

The greatest drainage slopes should be determined based on the maximum permissible water flow rate in the pipes- 1, 0 m/s k.

Placement of inspection wells

Viewings e wells should be installed in places where the route turns and slopes change, at drops, as well as between uh these points at large distances.

On straight drainage sections, the normal distance between inspection wells is40m. The greatest distance between drainage inspection wells is 50 m.

At drainage turns near building ledges and at chambers on canals, the installation of inspection wells is not necessary, provided that the distance from the turn to the nearest inspection well is no more20m. In the case where the drainage makes several turns in the area between inspection wells, inspection wells are installed through one turn.

Release device

Water is released from drains into drains, reservoirs and ravine And.

The connection of drains to gutters, as a rule, should be carried out higher w ate gi of the drain. If drainage is connected below went s gi drain pipes, Location on When drainage is released, a check valve must be provided. It is not recommended to connect drainage to drains below the water level in the latter during periods of excess 3 times a year.

When released into a reservoir, the drainage must be laid above the water horizon in the reservoir during a flood. In case of a short-term rise in the horizon of a reservoir, drainage, if necessary, can be laid below the flood horizon, provided that the drainage release is equipped with a check valve.

The mouth section of the drainage outlet into the reservoir must be buried below the water horizon to the thickness of the ice cover with the installation of a drop well.

If it is impossible to release water from the drainage by gravity, it is necessary to provide a pumping station (installation) for pumping drainage V od, working in automatic mode.

Combining drainage with drainage

When designing drainage, you should consider the option ofTo fix it together with the drain (see fig.).

If the drainage depth is sufficient, the drainage should be located above the drainage in the same vertical plane with drainage water discharged into each inspection well of the drainage system. The clear distance between the drainage and drainage pipes must be at least 5cm.

If it is impossible, due to the depth of the installation, to place the drainage above the drain, the drainage should be laid in parallel in the same trench with the drain.

Pipes

Asbestos-cement pipes should be used for drainage.

The exception is drainage laid in groundwater, which is aggressive to concrete and Portland cement mortars. In this case, plastic pipes should be used for drainage.

The permissible maximum backfill depths to the top of the pipe drainage depend on the design resistance of the load-bearing soil, pipe material, pipe laying methods (natural or artificial foundation) and trench backfill, as well as other factors.

Necessary data on the use of asbestos st cement x pipes are available in the album SK 2111- 89, and through plastic pipes - in the SK album 2103- 84.

Water inlet openings in pipes should be arranged in the form of cuts with a width 3 - 5mm. The length of the cut should be equal to half the diameter of the pipe. The cuts are made on both sides of the pipe in a checkerboard pattern. Distance between holes on one side - 50see. There is an option with drilling water inlet holes (see fig.,).

When laying pipes, it is necessary to ensure that the cuts are on the side of the pipe; the top and bottom of the pipe should be without cuts.

Asbestos-cement pipes are connected with couplings.

When using polyvinyl chloride s x pipes (P V X) water intake holes are made similarly to asbestos-cement s m pipes. Corrugated drainage pipe made of polyethylene (HDPE) is produced with ready-made water inlet holes (see fig.).

Drainage structures and drainage filters

Drainage bedding, in accordance with the composition of the drained soils, is arranged in single or double layers.

When placing drainage in sand, gravel sheets x, large and medium size (with an average particle diameter 0, 3 - 0, 4mm and larger) arrange single-layer gravel or crushed stone.

When drainage is located in medium-sized sands with an average particle diameter less than 0, 3 - 0, 4mm, as well as in small and p ylevat s In sands, sandy loams and with a layered structure of the aquifer, two-layer bedding is arranged (see Fig. 20). The inner layer of the sprinkling is made of crushed stone, and the outer layer of the sprinkling is made of sand.

Drainage fill materials must meet the requirements for materials for hydraulic structures.

For inner layer dren gravel is used as a filling coating, and in the absence of e G o - crushed stone of igneous rocks (granite, syenite, gabbro, liparite, basalt, diabase, etc.) or especially durable varieties of sedimentary rocks (siliceous limestones and well-cemented non-weathering sandstones).

Sands, which are a product of weathering of igneous rocks, are used for the outer layer of bedding.

Materials for drainage bedding must be clean and not contain more than 3- 5% by weight of particles with a diameter less than 0.1 mm.

The composition of drainage fills is selected according to special schedules depending on the type of filter and the composition of the drained soil.

Drains should be laid in drained trenches. In sandy soils, water reduction using wellpoints is used. When laying drainage on an aquifer, dewatering with the installation of construction drains, freezing or chemical consolidation of soils are used.

Imperfect type drainage pipes are laid on the lower layers of drainage fill, which in turn are laid directly on the bottom of the trench.

For perfect type drainages, the base (bottom of the trench) is strengthened with crushed stone compacted into the ground, and the pipes are laid on layers of sand a thickness of 5cm.

In weak soils with insufficient bearing capacity, drainage should be laid on an artificial foundation.

Drainage bedding can have a rectangular or trapezoidal shape in cross section.

Rectangular sprinklings are arranged using inventory boards.

Sprinkles of a trapezoidal shape are poured without shields with slopes 1:1.

The thickness of one layer of drainage coating must be at least 15cm.

Pipe filters

Instead of installing drainage from pipes with gravel sch baby As a filter for preventive drainage, pipe filters made of porous concrete or other material can be used. The area and conditions of use of pipe filters are determined by special instructions.

Wells

On Wells are installed in tubular drainages.

Dl I protection from h To prevent weeds, wells must be equipped with second covers.

Drop s Drainage wells must have a water feature.

Sand prisms

When laying drainage in sandy soils With filtration coefficient less5m/day, as well as in soils with a layered structure, part of the trench above the drainage is covered with sand. The filled sand prism must have a filtration coefficient of at least 5 m/day

A trench dug in sandy soils is backfilled with sand to a height 0, 6 - 0, 7H, where H is the height from the bottom of the trench to the groundwater level, but not less 15see above the top of the drainage bedding. In soils with a layered structure, the trench is filled with sand on 30see above the groundwater level (see Fig.).

Filter wells

If the structure of the aquifer is heterogeneous, when a horizontal drain runs in the upper less permeable layer, and a more permeable layer is located below, a combined drainage is arranged, consisting of a horizontal drain and vertical self-flowing filter wells (see Fig.).

Drilling of vertical filter wells can be done hydraulically (by immersion using a submersibleV a) or by drilling method m. In these cases, filter wells are constructed structurally similar to tube wells for vertical drainage. The mouth (upper end of the tube well) is located below the general unreduced groundwater level and is embedded in the bottom of the drainage inspection well. The mark of the mouth of the tube well should be higher than the mark of the horizontal drain tray on 15cm. At shallow depths, installation of filter wells can be done in an open way. For this purpose, wells are opened from the bottom of the horizontal drainage trench, in which pipes (asbestos) are installed vertically cement e or plastic) filled with gravel or crushed stone. The space between the vertical pipe and the ground is filled with coarse sand. The lower end of the vertical pipe enters the layer of gravel or crushed stone at the bottom of the well A. The upper end of the pipe mates with the inner layer of the horizontal drain.

Reservoir drainage design

Plastov s th drainage is used to protect building basements, pits and canals in cases where tubular drainage alone does not provide the necessary drainage effect.

Reservoir drainage is arranged in the form of a layer of sand poured along the bottom of a pit under a building or a trench for a canal.

The layer of sand is cut in the transverse direction with prisms made of gravel or crushed stone.

Reservoir drainage must be protected from clogging during constructionA. When constructing floors and foundations using the wet method (using monolithic concrete and cement mortars), it is necessary to close the layers s and drainage with insulating material (glassine, etc.) P.).

Gravel (or crushed stone) prisms must have a height of at least 20cm.

Distance between prisms -6÷12 m (depending on hydrogeological conditions). Prisms are being laid, usually , in the middle between the transverse foundations of the building.

With a large influx of water or for particularly critical reservoir structuress th drainage can be two-layer over the entire area with a bottom layer of sand and a top layer of gravel and whether crushed stone.

If the width of the protected structure is small and the influx of water is limited, in particular under underground channels, reservoir drainage can be constructed from a single layer of sand or crushed stone.

The thickness of reservoir drainage under buildings must be at least30cm, and under the channels - no less 15 cm.

In some cases, with a large drainage area or special requirements for reducing the capillary saturation zone, the thickness and design of reservoir drainage are determined by calculation.

Reservoir drainage should extend beyond the outer walls of the structure, and, if necessary, be poured along the slope of the pit (trench).

The reservoir drainage must be connected to a ring, wall or accompanying tubular drainage.

For large areas And subs. In large rooms, additional tubular drains should be laid under the floor of the room.

In the undergrounds of buildings erected on pile foundations, reservoir drainage can be arranged in combination with a single-line tubular drainage located under the underground m

Pumping stations (installations) for pumping out drainage water

The depth of the underground premises of residential and public buildings and structures does not always allow drainage water to be directed by gravity into the storm sewer. In this case, it is necessary to install drainage pumping stations. When designing drainage pumping stations, the following should be taken into account:

The installation of free-standing pumping stations (installations), as a rule, is not economically feasible, because the costs of their construction and operation will be significantly higher than those built into basements;

pumping installations should mainly be located in buildings from which it is not possible to direct drainage water into the storm sewer (gutter) by gravity;

During a feasibility study, it is possible to install one pumping station for pumping drainage water from several buildings. Ifh The data will belong to different owners; to resolve this issue, it is necessary to obtain an appropriate document on shared participation in the construction and operation of a common pumping station, drawn up in the prescribed manner.

When deciding on the placement of pumping stations for pumping drainage water, the priority is to comply with permissible levels of noise and vibration from pumping units and pipelines in apartments of residential buildings and public premises.

Pumping installations should not be located: under residential apartments, children's or group rooms of kindergartens and nurseries, classrooms of secondary schools, hospital premises, workrooms of administrative buildings, classrooms of educational institutions and other similar premises.

In projects, it is necessary to make appropriate noise and vibration calculations that determine the choice of technical measures to ensure compliance with the requirements for permissible noise and vibration levels in residential and public areas of buildings in accordance withMGSN 2.04-97 , manuals for MGSN 2.04-97 “Design of protection from noise and vibration of engineering equipment in residential and public buildings” and “Design of sound insulation of enclosing structures of residential and public buildings.”

The flow rates of drainage water sent to the pumping station must be determined specifically for each facility.

As a rule, the installation should include two pumping units, of which one is a reserve one. If justified, installation of a large number of pumps is allowed. When there is limited space to accommodate a pumping station, it is most advisable to use submersible pumps.

The drainage pumping station must have a special room necessary to accommodate the receiving tank, pumping units and other equipment.

Only personnel servicing the installed equipment should have access to the pumping station.

The operation of pumping stations should be provided in automatic mode.

Capacity of receiving tanks withl should be determined depending on the calculated second flow rate of drainage water, the performance of the selected pump or pumps and the permissible frequency of switching on the pump electric motor, but not less 5- its maximum minute performance (for domestic pumps). The maximum number of starts per hour for imported pumps must be indicated in the technical documentation of the manufacturer. If this data is not available, a corresponding request should be made.

To reduce the frequency of pump activation, their alternate operation can be provided. In this case, it is necessary to provide3-th reserve pump, which can be stored in a warehouse. Considering that drainage water, as a rule, is relatively clean, it is possible not to provide a special pipeline for stirring up the sediment in the tank. For contaminated water or if it is necessary to regulate the flow of wastewater pumped by pumps, the specified pipeline should be provided.

To automate and dispatch the operation of pumping units, appropriate water levels are assigned in the receiving tank of the pumping station.

Worker and reserve activation levels var pumps must be installed below the supply pipeline tray. In this case, the activation level of the backup pump is set higher than the working one, because it should turn on not only during an emergency stop of the working pump, but also when the influx of water increases and, accordingly, its level in the tank increases (i.e. if the productivity of the working pump is less than the increased influx of wastewater).

In the event of a further increase in the water level due to an emergency stop of the pumps or for other reasons, an upper emergency level is assigned, upon reaching which an alarm is generated.

Upper AvaR level usually taken at the elevation of the supply pipeline tray.

Pump shutdown level must be at a distance of at least 2D in from the bottom of the suction pipe (inlet), and the inlet must be located at least 0.8D in from the bottom of the tank A.

These rules l and it is necessary to comply T b for a favorable supply of water to the vertical suction pipeline and to avoid the entry of air into it.

Lower emergency at level is taken in the interval between the pump shut-off level and the inlet of the suction pipelines.

When applied to a blade installations x horizontal or vertical pumps, the geometric suction height of the pumps must be taken into account.

Each pump must haveV oh suction pipe.

Suction pipes must be sealed. Welded joints are the most preferred.

To prevent the formation of water in the suction pipeh stuffy bags, the pipeline is laid with a rise towards the pump (slope of at least 0, 005). For the same reason, when transitioning from one diameter to another in horizontal sections, only “oblique” transitions with a horizontal upper generatrix (eccentric transition) are used.

Pressure pipelines, after installing check valves and gate valves on them, as a rule, should be combined into one pipeline.

When using submersible pumps, the lower shutdown level must be taken not lower than that specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Notes :

1.In Fig. and examples of solutions for wall drainage using drainage systems are presented.“DRENIZ” shells and drainage on a pile foundation with filling of the sinuses with sand.

2. It is recommended to use methods for hydrogeological and hydraulic calculations of drainage from the sources given in the appendix.

MGSN 2.07-97 “Foundations, foundations and underground structures”

VSN-35-95 “Instructions for the technology of using polymer filter shells to protect underground parts of buildings and structures from flooding with groundwater”, Research Institute M acute

Album No. 84 Institute Mosinzhproekt "Drainages for l I drain urban areas and protect underground structures"

Album SK 2111 - 89Institute Mosinzhproekt “Underground free-flow pipelines made of asbestos-cement, ceramic and cast iron pipes”

Album SK 2103 - 84Mosinzh Institute project “Underground free-flow pipelines made of plastic pipes”

Designer's Handbook "Complex foundations and foundations" M., 1969G.

Abramov S .TO . "Underground drainage in industrial and civil construction" M., 1967

Degtyarev B. M. and others. “Protection of the foundations of buildings and structures from the effects of underground water" Stroyizdat, 1985

MGSN 2.04-97 “Permissible levels of noise, vibration and requirements for sound insulation in residential and public buildings”

What is ring drainage?

A building, or a group of buildings, built on sandy or water-saturated loamy soils must be equipped with a “ring drainage” drainage system. If the building under construction is supposed to have very deep basements, and the general drainage system cannot provide drainage from such depths, then a ring drainage should also be laid.

Sandy soils are characterized by increased water permeability, so ring drainage can be made one for several buildings. If the topography is characterized by a directed flow of groundwater, an open ring drainage can be made. Its design is similar to that of a head drainage device. The depth of the ring drainage should be below the floor of the basement of the building. In large areas or in places with increased requirements for groundwater drainage, calculation of the depth of the ring drainage should ensure that groundwater does not rise above the water level in the head collector of the entire drainage system. If it is impossible to make the required depth of the ring drainage, then laying additional drains and cuts is allowed. The principle of their laying is exactly the same as that of laying system tubular channels and drainages.

Drainage of the site will be reliable if the distance between the building wall and the ring drainage circuit is within 5 -8 meters. Otherwise, the foundation drainage will be insufficient, which will certainly lead to shrinkage of the building. All calculations of any drainage systems are made based on research data from geologists and soil scientists.

Required foundation drainage for any monolithic underground structure. This drainage system eliminates the saturation of clay soils, frost heaving, and corrosion of reinforcing mesh and frames.

Why do you need drainage and which one to choose?

In a set of measures to eliminate frost swelling foundation drainage ranks top. If clay soil cannot absorb moisture, it will not swell when it freezes. The following waters are usually present on the site, reducing the comfort of operation:

1 Surface:

They arise as a result of irrigation, precipitation, flooding, snow melting, they come from the streets, roadside ditches, and are discharged by stormwater, which has nothing to do with drainage. However, if there is no storm drain integrated into the building's blind area, these drains penetrate to the underground structures.

2 Underground:

Found in layers or penetrating into them from above, they are divided into categories:

Groundwater is drained by several drainage systems:

Attention: Given the external similarity of the contours of the ring and wall drainage, do not confuse these two drainage systems.

Drains laid in the ground protect against flooding of basements, floating of polymer septic tanks, swelling of clay soils, and rotting of plant roots.

Manufacturing technology

The only alternative to drainage by drains is enhanced waterproofing of reinforced concrete underground structures. However, plaster waterproofing has a 20-year lifespan, coating waterproofing lasts 5–15 years, and lining waterproofing lasts 25–30 years. If you perform comprehensive insulation, you can double the performance.

Volumetric waterproofing with penetrating compounds provides an unlimited service life of structures. However, when Admix is added to concrete or impregnated with other products of this type, the foundation becomes three times more expensive. Therefore, a cheaper one is used foundation drainage one of the considered methods.

Formative drainage

Reservoir has the maximum operating experience foundation drainage, originally used for difficult operating conditions. The land drain in this option is slightly larger than the contours of the object; even pressure groundwater can be drained. Reservoir drainage under slab foundations is the cheapest, since the underlying layer of crushed stone is already included in the project. For columnar and strip foundations, you will have to tear out the foundation pit, and after arranging the drainage, backfill inside the structure, which will increase the construction budget by 15 - 30%.

The reservoir drainage technology is extremely simple:

excavation of soil from a pit, the dimensions of which are 1.2 m larger than the dimensions of the house on each side
creating slopes at the bottom of the pit from the center to the sides, corners (approximately 4 degrees or 1 cm/1 m length)
a layer of geotextile that prevents siltation of the natural filter and mutual mixing of non-metallic materials with the soil
10 cm layer of sand + 30 cm layer of crushed stone, which is used to level the bottom of the pit

Attention: To prevent the crushed stone from tearing the carpet of the bottom waterproofing and from becoming saturated with cement laitance when laying concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to make a footing 5–7 cm thick. The screed is not included in the design of the drainage system, but protects it during the concreting process.

Ring drainage

To drain soils adjacent to underground structures of buildings, eliminate flooding of basements, and reduce the groundwater level, a ring foundation drainage closed circuit. This hydraulic structure requires accurate calculations and a complex of geological surveys. This is necessary to calculate:

cross-section of drains along the inflow (reaches 15 l/sec)
return filter load
distances from the drain ring to the base of the foundation

It should be taken into account that along with the flow of water penetrating into the drains, soil is carried out from under the concrete structure. Therefore, special calculations are used to prevent weakening of the base and a decrease in the design resistance to prefabricated loads.

Attention: Ring drainage is a competitor to reservoir drainage, since much less crushed stone is consumed. This is true for strip, columnar foundations and bored piles.

The technology for constructing a ring drainage has several stages:

Ring drainage systems are much more powerful than wall contours, so they drain water and capillary liquid without problems.

Wall drainage

To combat “overwater”, wall drainage has been created, which is often confused with ring drainage. The difference lies in the depth of the drains and their distance from the foundation. The technology of the wall drainage system is as follows:

Attention: The level of the top backfill should be 5 - 10 cm below the base of the foundation. Perforation of pipes only in the upper part (180 or 270 degrees).

Thus, all rain and flood water that enters lenses made of non-metallic material is collected and drained by drains into an underground reservoir, the nearest reservoir or trench. The system is not designed to combat groundwater.

All remaining measures to reduce or completely eliminate frost heaving are carried out in full for all drainage system schemes. Therefore, it will be necessary to use non-metallic material (crushed stone or sand) in the underlying layer, backfill the sinuses, and insulate the blind area and the outer edge of the tape, slab, and pillars.

Blind area and storm drain

In order for underground drainage systems to be more efficient and have a long service life, it is necessary to make a blind area, integrate storm drainage trays into it, and point storm inlets for transporting liquid from the roof drainage.

The width of the storm drain varies from 0.6 to 1.5 m depending on the intensity of traffic. This screed can be used as a garden path, saving the working space of the site.

Attention: Insulating the blind area automatically moves the freezing zone; clay soils adjacent to the foundation do not swell in winter. The insulation is laid at a depth of 0.4 m or at the level of the sole of the MZLF tape.

Thus, the easiest way is to make sheet or wall drainage on your own. To design a ring drainage system, professional calculations and detailed geological surveys of the site will be required.