Gas is the most popular fuel for heating systems. Gas heating is much cheaper than electric heating, and at the same time brings much less hassle than solid fuel counterparts.
However, the process of supplying explosive fuel to a private home requires compliance with a large number of rules associated with both paperwork and significant financial costs.
Laying gas pipelines is a long process and also quite expensive. In order to reduce the cost of the entire process, some installation work can be carried out independently. But for this you need to carefully study the rules and regulations of SNiP.
Contents of the article
Procedure for gasification at home
Everyone knows about the flammability, explosiveness, and chemical activity of natural gas, so amateur activity in this situation is out of the question. Gas supply system must be installed exclusively by specialists according to the approved plan.
If you decide to supply gas to your home, prepare for a long paperwork process and be prepared for trips to various authorities with long queues.
Before a team comes to you to carry out installation work, you will have to make a gasification plan, obtain all permits, and only then purchase the necessary gas equipment.
Collection of necessary documents
Before contacting a design organization to create a gasification project for a building, you will have to collect a whole package of necessary documents. Let us note right away that some of the required papers will cost money, so immediately prepare for the financial costs.
So, what papers do you have to collect:
- a document confirming ownership of the house and land;
- copies of identification documents of the owner;
- conclusion on the technical feasibility of carrying out work on gasification of the building;
- technical passport from BTI;
- a topographic map made to a certain scale, which shows all buildings subject to gasification;
- a map showing all laid communications and the planned gas pipeline, which is certified by the gas service;
- if the gas pipeline to the house has to be pulled through neighboring areas, written permission from their owners will be required to carry out the relevant work.
This is an approximate list of documents that you will need to collect.
Depending on certain features, for example, underground or above-ground gasification is planned, it may be necessary to provide some more paperwork.
Preparation of project documentation and conclusion of contracts
Please note that services for the preparation of project documentation are paid. This work can only be carried out by design bureaus that have the appropriate license.
There is no point in trying to create a project on your own, since it must take into account a large number of nuances known only to specialists:
- depth of the central gas pipeline;
- location and depth of gas pipes from the central gas pipeline to the house;
- gasification methods (underground or aboveground). This is influenced by the characteristics of the soil, the depth of groundwater, the interweaving of other communications, buildings, road surfaces, etc.;
- details of installation work;
- connection points for gas appliances and requirements for them in accordance with SNiP;
- materials, joints, as well as the distribution of gas pipes inside the house.
In addition, all project documentation must be certified by the relevant organization.
The cost of the project will depend on the complexity of the project itself, the materials used and the design organization itself. Therefore, it makes sense to consider all possible options, study prices, reviews, and then choose the most suitable agency.
To carry out installation work and put into operation the gas supply system, you also need to conclude the following agreements:
- Agreement for installation work and preparation of technical documentation.
- Agreement on gasification and installation of gas equipment.
- The act of putting the gas pipeline and gas equipment into operation.
- Inspection report for smoke ventilation ducts.
- Agreement for the supply and payment of natural gas.
Selecting a contractor and starting installation work
When it comes to gasification of a building, the choice of contractor must be taken with full responsibility. Before concluding an agreement, make sure that the company has the appropriate licenses, contracts, necessary permits, and qualified employees with all the necessary clearances. Installation work to install an underground or above-ground gas pipeline to the building begins after all documentation has been prepared.
However, it is the contractor who will have to provide reports on the work performed and acts that will detail all the actions carried out on the site. Based on these acts, the gas service will have to connect the gas, carry out a series of commissioning works, and then give you a lecture on safety precautions.
Features of materials and gas supply works
When it comes to gas, in no case should you neglect the rules of SNiP for the selection of materials, equipment and features of installation work, since gas is not only explosive, but also toxic.
All materials that will be used in the process of supplying gas to the house and wiring inside the building, from pipes to electrodes, must be of high quality and have appropriate certificates.
For gasification, low-alloy metal or polyethylene pipes can be used. It is worth noting that polypropylene pipes have a number of advantages compared to metal ones: mother weight, ease of installation, ease of transportation, non-corrosion, electrical non-conductivity, reasonable cost, long service life.
- There are a number of restrictions for laying plastic pipes:
- above-ground gasification cannot be carried out using plastic pipes;
- the use of polypropylene pipes for indoor wiring is prohibited;
- use is prohibited in regions where temperatures drop below -45 degrees;
- prohibited for use on seismically active soils;
- Do not use a plastic pipe to pass through natural or artificial barriers.
- It is not allowed to embed any welded or gas pipelines into walls or foundations. They must be located so that they are constantly accessible for inspection, maintenance and repair work.
- Elements of the gas pipeline should not come into contact with flammable elements of the building - door frames, window frames, temporary partitions, etc.
- Distortions of the gas pipe are not allowed either outside or inside the building. Vertical sections should run strictly vertically, horizontal sections should be laid with a slope of 2-5 mm per meter towards the devices.
- The gas riser can have a slope of no more than 2 mm. The riser is located in non-residential premises (houses) or along the facade of the building. Under no circumstances should he be in places where people usually are (bedroom, dining room, bathroom).
- Particular attention should be paid to taps. They should be positioned so that the axis of the plug runs parallel to the wall.
Methods for laying a gas pipeline
The gas pipe from the central main to the facade of the building can pass underground or above its surface. Based on this, underground and aboveground gasification methods are distinguished. It is worth noting that there is often a need to combine these two methods.
So, for example, if a gas pipe has to be pulled across the road, Most often they resort to the above-ground method, so as not to block traffic for a long time. After passing the road, the pipe is deepened underground. However, if new horizontal drilling technologies are used, this need may disappear.
Overhead gas pipeline
An aboveground gas pipeline is much cheaper than an underground one. Savings, in some cases, can be up to 60%. If the gas pipe to the house goes above ground, we will not worry about the depth of groundwater, the intertwining of other communications, or other problems associated with underground work.
However, in this case, pipes laid on must be protected as much as possible from corrosion, deformation, temperature changes and mechanical influences.
In addition, you will have to constantly ensure that unscrupulous neighbors do not connect to your gas pipeline, which, in the case of an underground gas pipeline, is hampered by the depth of the pipe.
Stages of connecting gas to a house (video)
Underground gas pipeline
Although this technology is much more expensive, it is much more popular. When stopping at an underground gas pipeline, you need to remember that the depth of the pipe should be completely comply with the gasification plan for security.
Before the advent of horizontal directional drilling technology, laying gas pipelines underground was associated with a number of problems:
- depth of groundwater;
- seismically active soils;
- passing obstacles and road surfaces;
- soil with a high content of corrosive substances.
However, this technology solved all the problems at once, also reducing the time required to complete the work. Instead of the lengthy process of digging a trench, the depth of which can reach 1.5 - 2 meters, a horizontal hole is drilled from the central highway to the building.
It is only necessary to dig two wells near the pipe, to connect to it, and near the building, to enter the house. The inlet and outlet of the drill are spilled with solution and. In the case of difficult soils, the pipe can be laid in a special protective case.
The laying of a gas pipeline from polyethylene pipes is carried out according to the following conditions:
1. If the terrain has a slope of more than 200%, then when laying a gas pipeline it is necessary to take a number of measures to prevent possible erosion of the trenches.
2. The polyethylene gas pipeline must have a laying depth of more than one place to the top of the pipe.
3. A gas pipeline made of polyethylene pipes must be enclosed in a metal case when passing through the following sections: highway intersections, underground sewers, underground channels, telephone cables, drains, power cables, water supply, heating networks, sewers, well walls. The outer diameter of polyethylene gas pipes must be at least 10 centimeters smaller than the inner diameter of the metal case.
4. Two gas pipelines made of polyethylene pipes can be laid in one trench at once. Also, one polyethylene gas pipeline can be replaced with a steel one. The distance between them should be such that it is possible to carry out repair work on each of the gas pipelines without any difficulties.
Shut-off valves installed on gas pipelines must ensure: shut-off tightness; minimal pressure loss in the open position, especially on low-pressure gas pipelines; ease of maintenance and repair; speed of opening and closing, which, when manually operated, must be performed with little effort.
Shut-off devices include pipeline fittings (taps, gate valves, valves), hydraulic valves and valves, as well as high-speed (shut-off) devices with pneumatic or electromagnetic drive.
Valves installed on gas pipelines must be designed for work in a gas environment. On low-pressure gas pipelines, water seals may be used as shut-off devices.
Rotary valves must have rotation limiters and indicators for the “Open” and “Closed” positions. On valves with a nominal diameter of up to 80 mm there must be a mark indicating the direction of gas movement in the plug.
The drive to the shut-off valves can be manual or mechanical (the device is equipped with a steering wheel and a gear drive to the valve rod); pneumatic or hydraulic (equipped with a cylinder that is pivotally connected to the shutter rod); electric (an electric motor and a transmission mechanism are installed to the shutter rod) and electromagnetic (the device is equipped with an electromagnet, the core of which is hingedly connected to the shutter rod).
On gas pipelines of industrial and municipal enterprises, taps and valves are most often used as shut-off devices, and less commonly, hand-operated valves, water seals and hydraulic gate valves. In connection with the automation of gas combustion processes, valves and valves with electromagnetic drives are increasingly being used. Electrical equipment of drives and other elements must be carried out in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules.
Wells for placing shut-off devices on gas pipelines are made of fireproof materials (concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, rubble stone, etc.).
To protect against mechanical damage to control tubes, contact terminals of control and measuring points, drainage pipes of condensate collectors, water seals and fittings, carpets should be provided that are installed on concrete reinforced concrete pads located on a base that ensures their stability
When laying a gas pipeline under a roadway with an improved road surface, the marks of the well covers and carpet must correspond to the mark of the road surface; in places where there is no traffic or people passing through, they must be at least 0.5 m above ground level.
Covers for gas pipelines should be provided to protect the gas pipeline from external loads, from damage at intersections with underground structures and communications, as well as to allow repair and replacement, detection and removal of gas in the event of a leak. The connections between the components of the case must ensure its tightness and straightness.
Compensators are installed on gas pipelines to reduce stresses that arise in the gas pipeline as a result of temperature, soil, etc. influences, as well as to facilitate the installation and dismantling of fittings.
With almost any bruise, if it does not lead to the formation of wounds, swelling and hematoma (bruising) are sure to occur. To prevent their development, use the following methods.
1. First aid for bruises begins with rubbing the bruised area for up to half an hour, without stopping, with ice.
2. In the warm season, you can apply bodyaga leaves (dry, but slightly moistened) to the site of the bruise, this will help soothe the pain and prevent the development of either a hematoma or a tumor.
3. There is another recipe: 2 tablespoons of bodyaga, crushed into powder, should be diluted in 4 tablespoons of boiled water and immediately apply a bandage with this mixture to the bruise site.
4. When providing first aid for bruises, apply fresh cabbage leaves to the bruised area.
5. In addition, you can apply a paste of cooked and well-mashed beans to the sore spot.
7. If you bruise or crush your fingers in the doors, you need to either rub them with ice for 30 minutes, or immerse them in cold water for 5-7 minutes (preferably with arnica). If necessary, this procedure can be repeated after a minute.
8. If you bruise your stomach, you need to lie down, immediately put ice on the sore spot, and try to call a doctor as quickly as possible (especially if the bruise is accompanied by nausea, dizziness, and even more so vomiting). At the same time, do not rush to take analgesics - they can “blur” the picture of possible internal bleeding if some internal organs are damaged, making diagnosis difficult.
9. First aid for bruises can be carried out using the old, ancient method: dilute any washing soap in water until milky, and then moisten a rag in this water and apply it to the site of the bruise.
10. But here is a fairly ancient, but very effective folk remedy - bruises can be lubricated with a special ointment prepared as follows: you need to thoroughly mix 20 g of pine or spruce resin (resin), a finely chopped medium-sized onion, 50 g of vegetable oil and 15 g of copper powder vitriol, then heat this mixture for 30 minutes on fire, without bringing it to a boil. It is recommended to lubricate the bruised area every 4 hours.
11. For severe bruises, rubbing the sore spot with a tincture of wild rosemary flowers in vodka or a decoction of them (for 1 glass of water - 10 g of flowers, boil over low heat for 15 minutes, then strain) has a good effect.
12. If the bruise continues to hurt, you can apply potato slices to the bruised area, bandage them on top with a rag or cotton cloth and leave this bandage overnight.
13. Well, to resolve bruise marks, it’s a good idea to apply a cloth with castor oil to this area. The hardness remaining after the bruise needs to be kneaded and massaged.
14. And you can also apply aloe and honey to the marks left after bruises.
15. But among the “official” pharmacy ointments, perhaps the most indicated are ointments based on snake or bee venom (viprosal, viprosal B and apisatron), as well as diclofenac ointment.
Sketch is a drawing made by hand, without the use of drawing tools, without scale, but respecting the relative proportionality of the elements of the part.
A sketch differs from a drawing only in that the lines on it are drawn by hand and the proportionality of the parts of the part is established by eye. The dimensions indicated on the sketch must correspond to the actual dimensions of the part.
The passports contain data on the implementation of preventive and major repairs with the attachment of relevant sketches and documents relating to the opening of gas pipelines; data on control checks and tests performed during operation. The sketches must indicate: dates of work; the purpose for which the gas pipeline was opened, what was done during the opening; diameter, depth and welding location of the replaced sections, linking them to permanent landmarks. The passport of the hydraulic fracturing unit (GRU) notes all work related to the scheduled inspection and repair of equipment and instrumentation.
Major repairs of street gas pipelines can be carried out in the following order: 1) planned major repairs, carried out with a complete opening of the gas pipeline and inspection of it, on average every 15 - 20 years of its operation; 2) early major repairs carried out when systematic gas leaks are detected on the gas pipeline; 3) incidental major repairs.
The actual depth of the gas pipelines was determined, the stress state of potentially hazardous areas and the condition of the insulating coating and soil were assessed; The gas pipeline was opened with instrumental detection and identification of SCC defects in the Urengoy-Petrovsk gas pipeline 1843 - 1S75 km, where accidents occurred. Based on the results of the analyzes and surveys, a major overhaul of the Urengoy-Petrovsk DN 1400 mm section of the Polyansky LPU was carried out with the replacement of 905 m of pipes, while 744 sources of SCC were identified and eliminated. On some of the defects, the length of the cracks reached a length of up to 5 m and a depth of up to 9 mm. Upon completion of the repair, a pneumatic test of the gas pipeline section was carried out. Carrying out these measures made it possible to increase the reliability of the operation of this section of the Urengoy-Petrovsk gas pipeline.
The actual depth of the gas pipelines was determined, the stress state of potentially hazardous areas and the condition of the insulating coating and soil were assessed; The gas pipeline was opened with instrumental detection and identification of SCC defects in the Urengoy-Petrovsk gas pipeline 1843 - 1875 km, where accidents occurred. Based on the results of the analyzes and surveys, a major overhaul of the Urengoy-Petrovsk DN 1400 mm section of the Polyansky LPU was carried out with the replacement of 905 m of pipes, while 744 sources of SCC were identified and eliminated.
Related information.
The design and installation of a gas pipeline is the prerogative of specialized gas services; this work cannot be carried out independently. The owner of the gasified area is responsible for collecting the necessary documentation, obtaining permits for gas supply and putting the pipeline into operation.
Agree, for those who are faced with such a task for the first time, it is quite difficult to figure out where to start and where to turn. We suggest you sort things out in order.
We will tell you what permits and design documents need to be prepared, outline the main regulatory requirements, and the algorithm of actions when laying and connecting a gas pipeline. In addition, we will provide tips on choosing a contractor and describe how the delivery, launch and adjustment of the gas main takes place.
A list of such documents cannot be compiled without reference to a specific building; its composition depends on many nuances. For example, when gas communications have to pass through neighbors' properties, you will have to obtain permission from their owners.
The specific list can be clarified with the design organization, but in most cases the following is required:
- Copies of ID cards of all owners.
- A certificate confirming ownership of the land and the buildings located on it.
- Certificate of inspection of the premises in which installation is planned. The inspection is carried out by a representative of the Indoor Gas Equipment Service (SVDGO).
- Gasification permit confirming the technical feasibility of carrying out these actions. The document is drawn up by the Architectural and Design Department and certified by its head.
- houses issued by Gorgaz.
The listed documents must be accompanied by a technical passport from the Bureau of Technical Inventory along with a scaled map of the site with all the buildings that are planned to be gasified. You will also need a diagram of all communications and the designed gas pipeline, certified by the gas service.
The prepared package is provided to employees of the selected design organization. Based on it, a gasification project is developed taking into account all the features of the site and the buildings located on it.
What influences the preparation of the project
If special skills are lacking, independent design is undesirable and unlikely to be feasible. The process must take into account many factors that are known only to specialists.
Among them are:
- depth of groundwater, soil specifics, landscape and climatic features;
- the depth at which the central route runs;
- distance from the pipeline to the building, taking into account the depth of the outlet;
- SNiP requirements for equipment and connection points.
In addition to what is listed in the project, they must show the method of laying the main line, the required set of instruments and fittings, the materials used, the features of the joints and internal wiring.
Methods for arranging a gas pipeline
The main criterion for classification is working. According to this characteristic, systems with low pressure, where the maximum does not exceed 5 kPa, are of interest for domestic needs.
Classification of gas pipeline systems
An important parameter is the methods of laying an individual gas pipeline from the main network transporting blue fuel to a private house/cottage.
He can be:
- underground;
- ground;
- underwater
The last option is relevant for a gas pipeline that meets lakes, rivers or seas along its route. For a private house, the first 2 methods are used.
Depending on the location of the gas network, it can be external or internal. In practice, there is often a need to combine several routing options, since routing conditions from the main highway can vary greatly.
Regardless of the method of supplying gas to a private home, such systems operate with low pressure not exceeding 5 kPa
For example, the branch from the central highway, passing over the road, will be elevated. Then it goes deep into the ground and is brought to the structure in an underground version.
Underground installation method
The most labor-intensive and costly option, which requires preliminary preparation of a trench for drainage from the main highway. In this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the plan, which precisely determines at what depth the gas pipeline should be laid. Usually it is from 1.5-2 m.
The following factors can significantly influence the installation of communications:
- groundwater;
- seismic activity;
- abundance of corrosive elements in the soil;
- the presence of obstacles and road surfaces.
It is simpler and cheaper, in terms of overall gasification costs, to use horizontal drilling. Expenses are approximately reduced by 3 times.
In addition, the technology allows:
- reduce installation time;
- bypass the road surface and existing communications;
- minimize damage to the ecology of the site.
A pilot well is drilled with a special device, which is then enlarged to the designed size. The walls are fixed with a solution, after fixing which the gas pipeline is pulled.
To supply gas, above-ground or underground branches from the main can be used, which are combined with internal or external wiring
If there is a threat of electrical or mechanical damage, the pipes are protected with a steel case. This increases the cost, but makes the outlet more reliable and durable.
Laying an overhead gas pipeline
This gasification option involves installation on special supports. It is much cheaper and allows you to save up to 60% of money compared to the previous method.
A significant disadvantage is the need to protect against a number of factors:
- deforming influences;
- mechanical loads;
- corrosion damage;
- temperature changes.
The disadvantages include the possibility of arbitrary insertion into the highway, which requires regular inspection of it for structural integrity and absence of violations.
To prevent arbitrary insertion into the overhead system, it is necessary to create a security zone that impedes access to the highway
Such a threat is reduced to zero when the pipes are laid across the territory of one’s own site, access to which is as limited as possible for outsiders.
External and internal network
The internal type of installation is carried out in a specially adapted room. In this case, it is necessary to provide access to the wiring, which cannot be hidden in the walls or covered with any overlays.
Regardless of external or internal installation on the wall of a building, the equipment must be accessible for maintenance
The opposite connection option involves laying pipes on special brackets that are securely fixed to the entrance.
The main requirement is maximum protection from strangers.
In a fenced area, if there is a cornice, external installation can be carried out without a protective box
Protection from unauthorized access and natural influences is provided by a box with a door that is locked with a key. It is usually installed when installing a gas meter outside the building.
Which option is better to use?
Each method of laying gas pipelines has its own list of advantages and disadvantages. But when designing a gas pipeline, they are taken into account or ignored based on the conditions of the specific section where the routing will be performed.
It will be difficult to carry out an underground branch from the highway through the neighbor’s plot due to the abundance of earthworks
For example, the above-ground option will be preferable when the following conditions are met:
- the soil is saturated with corrosive elements that can destroy metal during use;
- the outlet passes through the territory of the neighboring site;
- The main pipe is separated from the site by road surface.
If routing is carried out under high-voltage lines, it is recommended to choose an underground option, which will provide protection from high voltage.
Gas lines made of polymers
Features of plastic structures
Underground installation allows the use of polypropylene pipes, which saves on installation costs and provides a number of other advantages.
The advantages are due, first of all, to the properties of the material:
- high anti-corrosion resistance, which has a positive effect not only on installation costs, but also reduces operating costs;
- ease of processing- the material is easy to cut and can be welded, which simplifies installation;
- perfectly smooth internal cavity provides good throughput properties, the features of the material make it possible to avoid their reduction during use;
- lack of sensitivity to electric currents, which provides high security and eliminates the need for additional protection.
In addition to the above advantages, such pipes have a high level of flexibility, which allows them to be used for horizontal drilling.
Polypropylene pipes are gradually replacing their metal counterparts due to their high reliability and durability
To this should be added a small mass, which is several times lower than its steel counterpart. An important advantage is the service life of about 50 years. All this time the system operates without loss of specified characteristics.
Restrictions on the use of pipes
Despite their high resistance to external influences, such pipes cannot always be used. There are a number of restrictions under which their installation is not allowed.
These include:
- climatic conditions in which the temperature drops below 45 °C, which leads to freezing of the soil and walls of the outlet;
- use of liquefied hydrocarbons;
- high seismic activity with a magnitude of more than 7 points, when there is no possibility for ultrasonic monitoring of the integrity of seam joints.
In addition, polypropylene materials cannot be used to create overhead communications of all types, including bypass sections through natural or man-made barriers.
Highways and branches from them passing over the road or other obstacles must be made only of metal
Their installation through tunnels, collectors, and channels is excluded. For wiring along it, only steel analogues are used.
General requirements for gasification
Gas heating is a service with a high level of potential danger. For this reason, there is a whole set of requirements that must be met regardless of the material used and the chosen method of laying the system.
The basic rules include the following:
- Possibility of constant and free access to all connecting elements of the gas pipeline system; such nodes cannot be walled up in walls.
- No contact with flammable elements of the building, which include door frames, window frames, partitions made of flammable materials, and other similar structures.
- Wiring without bevels inside and outside the house. Strictly vertical installation is mandatory, and in the horizontal version, a slope of 2 to 5 mm is allowed with a distance of a meter to the instrument devices.
- Placement of the riser outside habitable premises. If there is no suitable interior space, it can be installed from the outside along the facade; the permissible slope cannot exceed 2 mm.
When installing equipment, be sure to check the correct location of the gas taps relative to the wall
Without compliance with these and other requirements of SNiPs, the gas pipeline will not be put into operation. Additional costs for eliminating such violations are the least of the troubles. Putting into operation with such deficiencies can lead to more serious consequences.
When is the gasification project ready?
A prerequisite for the transition from the design stage to construction and installation work is the coordination of the project with the technical department of the gas service. This procedure is usually completed within 2 weeks.
Selecting a contractor and concluding a contract
After approval, the following must be attached to the project:
- estimate for the implementation of work provided for by the project;
- agreement on technical supervision;
- a report on the inspection of smoke ventilation ducts, drawn up and signed by a representative of the VDPO service.
When the entire list of necessary documents is in hand, you can proceed to the arrangement. As a rule, any design organization has a license for construction and installation work. If such a license is not available, you will have to worry about finding a contractor.
Since it is the installation organization that will be responsible for the construction and delivery of the gas pipeline, it is advisable to:
- check the license for gasification;
- view other permits;
- Ensure that employees have appropriate clearances.
Before concluding a contract, it is necessary to agree on and approve the installation deadlines, which should be recorded in the contract.
When performing installation, fire extinguishing agents designed for class “C” fires (gas combustion) must be on hand.
In addition to other obligations, the work agreement must include the following conditions:
- employees of the organization working at the site have a protective screen that protects the walls from heating, and all the necessary fire extinguishing equipment;
- issuing executive technical documents to the customer immediately after completing calculations for the work provided for in the project;
- the contractor’s obligation to complete the installation within the agreed time frame, in accordance with established standards and the required level of quality;
- the contractor’s obligation to promptly draw up all required executive and technical documentation.
The contractor must provide the customer with the specified documents after completing the installation work, before the commission’s visit to the site.
Commissioning of the gas pipeline
The delivery of the finished gas pipeline is carried out in the presence of a commission, which includes representatives of the contractor, the gas service and the customer himself. During the acceptance process, it is necessary to check the presence of all equipment provided for in the project, its correct installation and connection.
The commission accepts work from 2 weeks to a month. If no deficiencies are identified, the gas service representative issues a receipt for payment, which the customer pays, and a copy of the document is given to the contractor.
After acceptance of the finished gas pipeline, the system meter must be sealed in the presence of the customer
The contractor transfers all technical documentation to the gas service, where it is stored for the entire period of operation. Based on the results of the commission’s work, the gas service must seal the meter within 3 weeks, after which the system is considered ready to supply gas.
The agreement with Gorgaz regulates the maintenance of the system, for which this service will be responsible. This is the basis for the gas supply.
In addition to concluding a contract, you will need to undergo safety training. It is carried out at the company’s office or at your place of residence by a specialist with the appropriate clearance. In any case, after the briefing, the customer must confirm the completed training with a signature in the accounting log.
Launching and setting up the system
The insertion is carried out by the appropriate service, the procedure is paid, and is carried out within a predetermined time frame, when all equipment has been accepted and found functional.
test run, checking instrumentation and meter for leaks.
The final debugging of the equipment and launch is carried out by the equipment supplier, with which there is a service agreement:
- The system is starting up;
- it is adjusted to the optimal operating mode;
- The company representative is obliged to explain all the nuances of the operation of the equipment and the rules for its operation.
In cases where malfunctions and other problems are noticed, the launch is suspended until they are resolved.
If everything is in order and the launch was successful, a bilateral act is signed confirming the completion of the work.
Read about the prices for connecting gas to a private home and the financial costs of putting the system into operation.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Video about collecting documents, requirements, equipment and its maintenance:
The video will tell you about the necessary documents, estimated prices, purchasing equipment, connection problems and the main stages of the process:
Using natural gas for heating is one of the most economical methods. All expenses for gasification pay off relatively quickly. The only drawback is the increased danger. But correct installation, timely maintenance and operation without violations reduce all risks to a minimum.
Do you have anything to add, or do you have questions about gasification of a private home? You can leave comments on the publication, participate in discussions and share your own experience of laying a gas pipeline. The contact form is located in the lower block.
Installation of a gas pipeline is the most responsible and important stage of any construction; even the slightest mistakes are fraught with it. Therefore, only highly qualified specialists from the relevant service can carry out such work. And we will look at the features of the process so that we know what to be prepared for.
Why gasify housing?
Today, natural gas is the most convenient and, importantly, profitable type of fuel. Sooner or later, every owner of a private house will want to gasify their property. Of course, there is an alternative - electricity. However, its cost is too high and it is very expensive to heat large areas in winter in this way. Plus, you will always depend on weather conditions - any hurricane can cause a break in the cables and then you will have to be left for some time without food, hot water and heating. But damaging a gas line is much more difficult.
There is, of course, another “grandmother’s” way to heat your home - a stove or fireplace. But ash, coal, firewood, all this will lead to excess dirt. Lighting a stove takes a lot of time and labor, so it's best left as an option in case of an apocalypse. So, whatever one may say, blue fuel occupies a leading position today.
What kind of gas pipeline should a private house have?
We all know about the explosive properties of gas, so there can be no talk of any amateur activity in this matter. However, you will have to collect all the necessary documents, make a project, submit applications to the relevant authorities, etc. Which means, get ready to visit various services and queues. Let's consider all the requirements that cannot be violated.
All materials, from pipes to welding electrodes, must be of high quality and have certificates. The location of all pipeline elements is also very important. Dismountable joints should only be located in open areas. Be sure to provide free access to them. This will allow you to assess their condition at any time and, if necessary, carry out repair work. It is prohibited to wall up pipes and other components of the gas network into the walls or foundation of a building. It is also unacceptable to run the gas pipeline through platbands, plywood walls, transoms, door and window frames and temporary partitions. True, sometimes it is possible to run a gas pipeline through a specially made channel in the wall, but only in special cases and after approval of the project.
Distortions are also not allowed, all pipes must run strictly vertically, horizontal sections have a slope of 0.002–0.005 m towards the devices. If we are talking about a riser, then in this case a distortion of a maximum of 2 mm per meter is allowed. They are located mainly in staircases or in the kitchen, but this is prohibited in bathrooms and living rooms. The taps also require special attention; they must be installed so that the axis of the plug is parallel to the wall. The thrust nut must not be placed on the wall side.
It is very important to maintain distances. There must be at least 2.2 meters from the bottom of the pipe to the floor, and 10 cm of free space must be left between the top of the gas pipe and the ceiling. Also, pipes should not be placed close to walls, as this will complicate visual inspection. If this distance is not specified in the project, then you need to leave a gap, the minimum value of which will be equal to the radius of the pipe, but not exceeding 10 cm. The gas pipeline must be located on the supports tightly enough, gaps are not allowed.
Paperwork and equipment selection
But before you face the installation, you will need to run around to different authorities and collect a package of documents. Prepare a passport, title documentation for the land plot and the building located on it. You also need to write and submit an application to the gas service in which you express your desire. After this, you will receive a technical specifications form, which is filled out by the developers. And only then can you start drawing up a project.
You will need to enter into the following agreements:
- on carrying out work and drawing up technical documentation;
- on gasification and installation of relevant equipment;
- act of putting gas equipment into operation;
- for the supply and payment of natural gas.
In some cases, if you do not dare, you will have to stretch pipes through your neighbors’ plots, and then you will need written permission from them. It is necessary for specialists to come to you and inspect the chimney in the house, and at the end they are required to issue a certificate. You will also have to visit the local architectural and planning department. The head of this organization is also required to issue a permit for gasification of the site.
It has already been said that absolutely all materials, especially pipes, taps, hoses, must have the appropriate certificates. Without such documentation, all these elements cannot be put into operation. Blue fuel flows through pipes with a diameter of 150 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. Basically, elements made of low-carbon or low-alloy steel are selected. In principle, both seamless and welded structures can be used. Naturally, the gas main is assembled from a fairly large number of pipes. They are connected by gas welding. There are also very serious requirements for the quality of electrodes and they cannot be neglected.
But the list of necessary materials does not end there; you will also need a number of small parts - tees, crosses, couplings, adapters, angles and plugs. They are usually made from cast iron or steel. To properly fix all threaded elements, you should choose the right tool. For example, maximum grip on the part is provided by wrenches with notches and parallel jaws. Is it worth mentioning the boiler, water heater, stove and other equipment?
There is no need to delay installing the meter, because as practice shows, it will significantly reduce your costs.
Procedure for laying gas supply
Having familiarized yourself a little with the theory, you can move directly to the practical part. Despite the fact that the installation of a gas pipeline in a private house or high-rise building should only be carried out by specialists, we are still required to know the procedure for carrying out the work.
How to install a gas supply - step-by-step diagram
Step 1: Drafting
Having collected all the necessary documentation, you can begin preparing the project. It indicates absolutely everything: the dimensions of the pipes and their material, the location of various parts, gas appliances. The types of these devices must be specified. Mounting locations for meters are also indicated. At this stage, the entire system is calculated. But keep in mind that all this is done by a special organization and only if it has the appropriate license. Otherwise, the document will be invalid and you will have to redo everything, which means extra nerve cells and, of course, material costs.
So be very careful when choosing such a service. It would be best to contact a company that has the right to do not only design, but also installation work. This way you can save about 25%. So, to create a project, you need to provide the organization with a package of the following documents: technical specifications and certificates for the installed equipment. If there is an underground gas pipeline, then you may also have to do a topographic survey. They may also ask for executive documentation for the gas pipeline itself.
As a result, the design organization is obliged to come to the site, study the conditions, take all the necessary measurements, and make drawings indicating all gas connection points to heating and other appliances. After this, technical documentation is agreed upon in the department of the gas supply organization and other authorities. Finally, you should have a document in your hands confirming that the project fully complies with the standards.
Step 2: Preparatory work
We have already reviewed the basic requirements for installing a gas pipeline, but we must also properly prepare or build a room in which all the necessary equipment will be located. It must have a window that opens completely. This will allow you to ventilate the room at any time, because the gas is known not only for its explosive characteristics, but is also very toxic. In this regard, you should also worry about a high-quality ventilation system.
The height of the ceilings in the room cannot be less than 220 cm. Area also plays a role; if you have a stove with only 2 burners, then eight squares will be enough. For three-burner units, at least 12 m2, and installation of equipment with 4 burners is allowed only in a room with a volume of at least 15 square meters. When it comes to heating boilers with a power of more than 30 kW, our boiler room should only be a separate building. Naturally, you cannot live in it.
Step 3: Installation of the riser
It is impossible to supply gas to a house without installing an inlet. It is a hole above the foundation. A special case is installed in it. A pipe passes through it, one end of which is connected to the riser, and the other is part of the internal gas pipeline. The riser is mounted strictly vertically at a distance of 15 cm from the wall. For a more secure fixation, you can secure it with hooks. The pipe is brought in at an angle from the riser.
Step 4: Laying Pipes
When installing a pipeline in the walls, its elements are passed only through sleeves. Be sure to cover the sections of pipes that will be walled up in the wall with oil paint. Then the free space between the sleeve and the pipe should be filled with tarred tow, and then filled with bitumen. The pipeline at the intersection with the walls of the house must be solid, without joints. In general, it is advisable to make as few welded and threaded connections as possible; accordingly, the pipes are selected to the maximum length. Monolithic construction is more reliable. In some cases, when it is necessary to perform minor manipulations with the pipe, for example, straighten, bend or slightly unfold, heating with a gas burner is allowed.
All components are prepared at the bottom; only the assembly and fastening of the prepared elements is carried out at the height. Pipes whose diameter does not exceed 40 mm are allowed to be fixed to building structures using hooks or clamps. In this case, fasteners are tightly driven into the surface through wooden plugs or filled with cement. If pipes of larger diameter are used, then hangers or brackets are used to fix them.
Step 7: Reception
After the installation of the internal gas pipeline is completed, a commission must go to the site and take over the site. Also, a representative of this organization is required to provide safety training and tell you how to use gas equipment.
5.1.1 External gas pipelines should be placed in relation to buildings, structures and utility networks in accordance with Appendices B and C.
Ground gas pipelines with embankments are equated to underground gas pipelines, and above-ground gas pipelines without embankment.
When laying above ground in an embankment, the material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken based on thermal engineering calculations, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and embankment.
When laying underground gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in cramped conditions, in certain sections of the route, between buildings and under the arches of buildings, as well as gas pipelines with a pressure of over 0.6 MPa when approaching them with detached ancillary buildings (buildings without the constant presence of people) it is permitted to reduce distances by no more than 50% in cramped conditions and by no more than 25% in special natural conditions (see Appendices B and C). In this case, in areas of approach and at a distance of at least 5 m in each direction from these areas, the following should be used:
- for steel gas pipelines:
- seamless pipes;
- electric welded pipes with 100% control of factory welded joints by physical methods;
- electric welded pipes that have not passed the above control, laid in a protective case;
- for polyethylene gas pipelines:
- long pipes without connections;
- pipes of measured length, connected by butt welding with a heated tool, performed using welding equipment with a high degree of automation, or connected by parts to the ZN;
- pipes of measured length, welded using welding equipment of a medium degree of automation, laid in a case;
- pipes of measured length, welded using manually controlled welding equipment with 100% control of joints by physical methods, laid in a case.
Installation joints of steel gas pipelines must undergo 100% control by physical methods.
When laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions along railways, one should be guided by Appendix B.
When laying gas pipelines at a distance of less than 50 m from the railways of the general network and external railway access roads of enterprises in the convergence area and at a distance of 5 m in each direction, the laying depth must be at least 2.0 m. Butt welded joints must pass 100% control by physical methods.
In this case, polyethylene pipes must be made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 and 2.0 for gas pipelines laid in the territory of settlements and urban districts, and between settlements, respectively, and the wall thickness of steel pipes should be 2- 3 mm more than calculated. For gas pipelines with pressure up to 0.3 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2.
It is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure exceeding 0.6 MPa in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the layout of capital construction projects provided for by the master plan of the settlement.
5.1.2 The laying of gas pipelines should be underground.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines above ground along the walls of buildings inside residential courtyards and neighborhoods, as well as in certain sections of the route, including sections of transitions through artificial and natural barriers, when crossing utility networks. Such laying of gas pipelines may be provided for with appropriate justification and carried out in places where access of unauthorized persons to the gas pipeline is restricted.
Overland gas pipelines with embankments can be laid under special soil and hydrological conditions. The material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken based on thermal engineering calculations, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and embankment.
The height of laying overhead gas pipelines and the depth of underground LPG gas pipelines should be taken as for gas pipelines of natural gas distribution and gas consumption networks, with the exception of specified cases.
It is allowed to lay low-pressure LPG vapor phase gas pipelines along the walls of buildings in accordance with 5.3.1 and Table 3.
The laying of gas pipelines, including LPG gas pipelines, if provided for by the functional requirements for gas pumping stations and gas pumping stations, should be provided above ground.
5.1.3 Laying gas pipelines in tunnels, collectors and canals is not permitted. An exception is the laying of steel gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330 on the territory of industrial enterprises, as well as in channels in permafrost soils under roads and railways and LPG gas pipelines under roads on the territory of gas filling stations.
5.1.4 Pipe connections should be permanent. Connections between steel pipes and polyethylene pipes can also be detachable in places where technical devices and gas-using equipment are installed. Detachable connections of polyethylene pipes with steel pipes in the ground must be provided, provided that a case with a control tube is installed.
5.1.5 Gas pipelines at the points of entry and exit from the ground, as well as gas pipeline entries into buildings must be enclosed in a case. The ends of the casing at the points of entry and exit of the gas pipeline from the ground, the gap between the gas pipeline and the casing at the gas pipeline entries into buildings should be sealed with elastic material along the entire length of the casing. The space between the wall and the case should be sealed, for example, with cement mortar, concrete, etc. over the entire thickness of the structure being crossed (if possible).
It is allowed not to install casings at the outlet and inlet of the gas pipeline from the ground, provided that it has a protective coating resistant to external influences.
5.1.6 It is necessary to provide for gas pipeline entries into buildings directly into the room in which gas-using equipment is installed, or into an adjacent room connected by an open opening.
It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines through the foundations of buildings (except in specified cases) and under foundations.
It is not allowed to enter gas pipelines into the premises of the basement and ground floors of buildings, except for the introduction of gas pipelines for natural gas and the vapor phase of low-pressure LPG into single-apartment and semi-detached houses.
In seismic areas, gas pipeline entry into a non-seismic resistant building is allowed only underground:
5.1.7 Shut-off devices on gas pipelines should be provided:
- in front of detached or blocked buildings;
- to disconnect risers of residential buildings above five floors;
- in front of outdoor gas-using equipment;
- in front of gas reduction points (GRP), with the exception of GRP of enterprises, on the gas pipeline branch to which there is a shut-off device at a distance of less than 100 m from the GRP; at the exit from the GRP, looped by gas pipelines;
- on branches from gas pipelines to settlements, individual microdistricts, blocks, groups of residential buildings (with more than 400 apartments per individual house), as well as on branches to industrial consumers and boiler houses;
- when crossing water barriers with two strings of a gas pipeline or more, as well as one string when the width of the water barrier at a low-water horizon is 75 m or more;
- at the intersection of railways of the general network and highways of categories I-II, if the shut-off device that ensures the cessation of gas supply at the crossing site is located at a distance of more than 1000 m from the roads.
At the entrance of gas pipelines to the pump-compressor and filling compartments, an electrically driven disconnecting device is provided outside the building at a distance from the building of at least 5 and no more than 30 m.
5.1.8 Shutting off devices on above-ground gas pipelines laid along the walls of buildings and on supports should be placed at a distance (within a radius) from door and opening window openings of at least m:
- for low pressure gas pipelines of category IV - 0.5;
- for medium pressure gas pipelines of category III - 1;
- for high-pressure gas pipelines of category II - 3;
- for high pressure gas pipelines of categories I - 5.
The installation sites of disconnecting devices must be protected from unauthorized access to them by unauthorized persons.
In areas of transit laying of gas pipelines along the walls of buildings, the installation of disconnecting devices is not allowed.
Installation of disconnecting devices under balconies and loggias is also not allowed.
5.1.9 In areas where gas pipelines-inlets are connected to the distribution pipeline to individual buildings for various purposes, apartment buildings, boiler houses and industrial consumers, gas flow safety valves (controllers) without a bypass hole (bypass hole for automatic pressure equalization) must be installed. Gas flow controllers are installed on a gas pipeline - inlet with a diameter of up to 160 mm inclusive, with a pressure of 0.0025 MPa at the point of its connection to the gas distribution pipeline. In other cases, the question of the need and possibility of installing a gas flow controller is decided by the design organization. It is allowed to install a gas flow controller for a single-family house by agreement with the owner.
5.2 Underground gas pipelines
5.2.1 Gas pipelines should be laid at a depth of at least 0.8 m to the top of the gas pipeline or casing. In those places where traffic and agricultural machinery are not expected, the depth of laying steel gas pipelines is allowed to be at least 0.6 m.
In landslide and erosion-prone areas, gas pipelines should be laid to a depth of at least 0.5 m below the sliding surface and below the boundary of the predicted destruction area.
5.2.2 The vertical distance (clear) between the gas pipeline (case) and underground utility networks and structures at their intersections should be taken in accordance with Appendix B.
5.2.3 At places where gas pipelines intersect with underground communication manifolds and channels for various purposes, heating mains of ductless installation, as well as at places where gas pipelines pass through the walls of gas wells, the gas pipeline should be laid in a case. When crossing with heating networks, gas pipelines should be laid in steel casings.
Covers for polyethylene gas pipelines of all pressures on the territory of settlements must additionally be installed at the intersection with underground utility networks located below the gas pipeline route.
The ends of the casing must be brought out at a distance of at least 2 m on both sides from the outer walls of the crossed structures and communications, when crossing the walls of gas wells - at a distance of at least 2 cm. The ends of the casing must be sealed with waterproofing material.
At one end of the case at the top point of the slope (with the exception of places where the walls of the wells intersect), a control tube should be provided that extends under the protective device.
In the interpipe space of the casing and the gas pipeline, it is permitted to lay an operational cable (communications, telemechanics and electrical protection) with a voltage of up to 60 V, intended for servicing gas distribution networks.
5.2.4 For the construction of gas pipelines, polyethylene pipes are used in accordance with GOST R 50838 and connecting parts in accordance with GOST R 52779 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.
The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa inclusive in the territories of settlements (rural and urban) and urban districts must be carried out using pipes and connecting parts made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6.
When laying polyethylene gas pipelines with pressures above 0.3 to 0.6 MPa, inclusive, in the territories of settlements and urban districts, pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 3.2 must be used. On the territory of rural settlements, it is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines using pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 3.2 or PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.6 with a laying depth of at least 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.
The safety factor of polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 polyethylene used for the construction of gas pipelines outside settlements and urban districts (inter-settlement) must be at least 2.5.
When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 and PE 100 polyethylene. Laying polyethylene gas pipelines with a working pressure of over 0.3 MPa using pipes made of PE 80 is permitted provided they are laid at a depth of not less than 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.
When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with pressures above 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive, pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 polyethylene must be used. In this case, the depth of laying gas pipelines must be at least 1.0 m, and when laying gas pipelines on arable and irrigated lands The laying depth must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe. The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure above 0.6 MPa using pipes made of PE 80 is permitted provided that the laying depth is increased by at least 0.1 m.
For the construction of gas pipelines with pressures above 0.6 MPa, reinforced polyethylene pipes and connecting parts can be used. In this case, the laying depth must be at least 1.0 m to the top of the pipe, and when laying gas pipelines on arable and irrigated lands, the laying depth must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe.
It is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines made of PE 100 with pressure over 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the layout of capital construction projects provided for by the master plan of the settlement.
For the construction of polyethylene gas pipelines, the use of connecting parts - permanent connections (polyethylene - steel) is allowed, subject to confirmation of their suitability for use in construction in the prescribed manner.
It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes for transporting gases containing aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as the vapor phase of medium and high pressure LPG and at a gas pipeline wall temperature under operating conditions below minus 20 °C.
The use of copper and reinforced polyethylene pipes for transporting the liquid phase of LPG is not allowed.
5.3 Overhead gas pipelines
5.3.1 Depending on the pressure, overhead gas pipelines should be placed on supports made of non-combustible materials or along the building structures of buildings and structures in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3
| Placement of above-ground gas pipelines | Gas pressure in the gas pipeline, MPa, no more |
|---|---|
| 1 On free-standing supports, columns, overpasses, shelves, fences, etc., as well as on the walls of industrial buildings, including GNS and GNP | 1.2 (for natural gas); 1.6 (for LPG) |
| 2 Boiler houses, industrial buildings with premises of categories B, D and D, public and domestic buildings for industrial purposes, as well as built-in, attached and roof boiler houses to them: | |
| a) on the walls and roofs of buildings: | |
| fire resistance levels I and II, structural fire hazard class C0 | 1,2* |
| fire resistance degree II, structural fire hazard class C1 and fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard class C0 | 0,6* |
| b) along the walls of buildings: | |
| fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard class C1, fire resistance degree IV, structural fire hazard class C0 | 0,3* |
| fire resistance degree IV, structural fire hazard classes C1 and C2 | 0,1 |
| 3 Residential, administrative and domestic buildings for non-industrial purposes, public, including administrative ones, as well as built-in, attached and roof boiler houses to them, warehouse buildings of categories B4 - D: | |
| on the walls of buildings of all degrees of fire resistance | 0,1** |
| in cases of placing GRPS on the external walls of buildings (only up to GRPS) | 0,3 |
| * The gas pressure in the gas pipeline laid along building structures must not exceed the values specified in Table 2 for the corresponding consumers. ** It is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa inclusive along the walls and roofs of gasified residential, administrative and household buildings for non-industrial purposes, public buildings, including administrative buildings, to supply gas to roof-top boiler houses. Notes 1 The height of the gas pipeline above the roof of the building must be at least 0.5 m. 2 Laying of LPG gas pipelines (medium and high pressure) is allowed along the walls of industrial buildings of the GNS and GNP. |
|
5.3.2 Transit laying of gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls and above the roofs of public buildings, including administrative buildings, administrative and domestic ones is not allowed.
It is prohibited to lay gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls, above and below rooms of categories A and B, except for the buildings of the State Tax Service and State Oil and Gas Station, determined by fire safety standards.
In justified cases, transit laying of gas pipelines not exceeding average pressure with a nominal diameter of up to 100 is permitted along the walls of one residential building not lower than fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard C0 and at a distance below the roof of at least 0.2 m.
In justified cases, the transit laying of gas pipelines through the territories of objects not supplied with gas from a given gas pipeline must be agreed upon with the owner (copyright holder) of this object and the operating organization.
5.3.3 High-pressure natural gas pipelines should be laid along blank walls and sections of walls or at a height of at least 0.5 m above windows and doors, as well as other open openings of the upper floors of industrial buildings and adjacent administrative and domestic buildings. The gas pipeline must be laid below the roof of the building at a distance of at least 0.2 m.
Natural gas pipelines of low and medium pressure can also be laid along the frames or mullions of non-opening windows and cross window openings of industrial buildings and boiler houses filled with glass blocks.
5.3.4 The height of laying overhead gas pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330.
5.3.5 On pedestrian and automobile bridges built from non-combustible materials, it is permitted to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa from seamless or electric-welded pipes that have undergone 100% control of factory welded joints by physical methods. Laying gas pipelines over pedestrian and automobile bridges built from flammable materials is not permitted. The laying of gas pipelines across bridges must prevent gas from entering the confined spaces of bridges.
5.4 Crossing of water barriers and ravines by gas pipelines
5.4.1 Underwater and overwater gas pipelines where they cross water barriers (rivers, streams, reservoirs, canals, etc.) should be placed at a horizontal distance from bridges in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4
| Water obstacles | Bridge type | Horizontal distance between the gas pipeline and the bridge, not less than, m, when laying the gas pipeline (downstream) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| above the bridge | below the bridge | ||||||
| from an overwater gas pipeline with a diameter, mm | from an underwater gas pipeline with a diameter, mm | from the overwater gas pipeline | from an underwater gas pipeline | ||||
| 300 or less | over 300 | 300 or less | over 300 | all diameters | |||
| Shipping freezing | All types | 75 | 125 | 75 | 125 | 50 | 50 |
| Shipping anti-freeze | Same | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Non-navigable freezing | Multi-span | 75 | 125 | 75 | 125 | 50 | 50 |
| Non-navigable anti-freeze | Same | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Non-navigable for gas pipelines: | Single and double span | ||||||
| low pressure | 2 | 2 | 20 | 20 | 2 | 10 | |
| medium and high pressure | 5 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 20 | |
| Note - Distances are from overhanging bridge structures. | |||||||
5.4.2 Gas pipelines at underwater crossings should be laid deep into the bottom of the water barriers being crossed. If necessary, based on the results of floating calculations, the pipeline is ballasted. The elevation of the top of the gas pipeline (ballast, lining) must be at least 0.5 m, and at crossings through navigable and raftable water barriers - 1.0 m below the bottom profile predicted for a period of 25 years. When laying a gas pipeline using directional drilling, the mark must be at least 2.0 m below the predicted bottom profile.
When crossing non-navigable water barriers, it is allowed to lay underwater gas pipelines made of ballast-coated pipes in a factory-made protective shell, without being buried in the bottom, provided that their suitability for the specified purposes is confirmed in the prescribed manner.
5.4.3 At underwater crossings the following should be used:
- steel pipes with a wall thickness 2 mm greater than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm; polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100, having a standard dimensional ratio of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.
When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 1.2 MPa using directional drilling, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.
At underwater crossings up to 25 m wide, located outside settlements, the use of polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 is allowed in gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa.
When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa using directional drilling, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11.
5.4.4 The height of the above-water passage of the gas pipeline from the calculated level of water rise or ice drift [high water horizon (HWH) or ice drift (GVL)] to the bottom of the pipe or span should be taken:
- at the intersection of ravines and gullies - not lower than 0.5 m above the GVV of 5% security;
- when crossing non-navigable and non-raftable rivers - at least 0.2 m above the water supply and water supply lines of 2% probability, and if there is a grub boat on the rivers - taking it into account, but not less than 1 m above the water supply line of 1% probability (taking into account the surge waves);
- when crossing navigable and raftable rivers - no less than the values established by design standards for bridge crossings on navigable rivers.
Shut-off valves should be placed at least 10 m from the boundaries of the transition or areas susceptible to erosion or landslides. The transition boundary is considered to be the place where the gas pipeline crosses the high water horizon with a 10% probability.
5.5 Crossing of gas pipelines with railways, trams and roads
5.5.1 The horizontal distances from the places where underground gas pipelines intersect tram and railway tracks, highways, main streets and roads must be at least m:
- to bridges and tunnels on railways of general networks and external railway access roads of enterprises, tram tracks, roads of categories I-III, main streets and roads, as well as to pedestrian bridges, tunnels through them - 30, and for internal access railway tracks of enterprises , roads of categories IV-V and pipes - 15;
- to the turnout zone (the beginning of the points, the tail of the crosses, the points where suction cables are connected to the rails and other track intersections) - 4 for tram tracks and 20 for railways;
- to the contact network supports - 3.
It is allowed to reduce the above distances in agreement with the organizations in charge of the crossed structures.
5.5.2 Underground gas pipelines of all pressures at intersections with railway and tram tracks, highways of categories I-IV, as well as with main streets and roads should be laid in cases. In other cases, the issue of the need to install cases is decided by the design organization.
Cases must meet the requirements for strength and durability. At one end of the case there should be a control tube extending under the protective device.
5.5.3 The ends of the casings when gas pipelines cross railways of the general network and external access railway tracks of enterprises should be placed at a distance from them not less than those established by SNiP 32-01. When laying inter-settlement gas pipelines in cramped conditions and gas pipelines on the territory of settlements, it is allowed to reduce this distance to 10 m, provided that an exhaust candle with a sampling device is installed at one end of the case, placed at a distance of at least 50 m from the base of the embankment, excavation of the roadbed (axis end rail at zero marks).
When crossing underground gas pipelines, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance:
- at least 2 m from the base of the subgrade (the axis of the outer rail at zero marks) of the tram track, internal access railway tracks of enterprises;
- at least 2 m from the curb, shoulder, bottom of the embankment slope of highways, main streets and roads;
- at least 3 m from the edge of drainage structures (ditch, ditches, reserve).
In other cases, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance:
- at least 2 m from the outermost rail of the tram track and internal access railway tracks of enterprises, as well as from the edge of the roadway of streets;
- not less than 3 m from the edge of the road drainage structure (ditch, ditch, reserve), but not less than 2 m from the base of the embankments. 5.5.4
When gas pipelines cross railways of the general network and external access railway tracks of enterprises, the depth of laying the gas pipeline must comply with the requirements of SNiP 32-01.
In other cases, the depth of laying the gas pipeline from the base of the rail or the top of the road and main streets and roads from the base of the embankment to the top of the casing must comply with safety requirements, but be not less than, m:
- 1.0 - when designing an open gasket;
- 1.5 - when designing a laying using the method of punching or directional drilling and shield penetration;
- 2.5 - when designing a gasket using the puncture method.
When designing the laying of a gas pipeline using other methods, the depth of the gas pipeline is taken taking into account the requirements of technical and operational documentation and safety.
The laying of gas pipelines in the body of embankments of roads and main streets is not permitted, except in specified cases.
5.5.5 The thickness of the walls of steel gas pipeline pipes when crossing public railway tracks should be 2-3 mm higher than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm at distances of 50 m in each direction from the base of the embankment slope (the axis of the outer rail at zero marks).
For polyethylene gas pipelines in these sections and intersections of highways of categories I-III, main streets and roads, pipes and connecting parts with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 must be used for gas pipelines laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts , and not less than 2.5 and 2.0 - for inter-settlement gas pipelines made of PE 80 and PE 100, respectively.
In this case, gas pipelines must use cases made of non-metallic and steel pipes.
5.6 Additional requirements for gas pipelines in special conditions
5.6.1 Special conditions include heaving (except for weakly heaving), subsidence (except for type I subsidence), swelling (except for weakly swelling), permafrost, rocky, eluvial soils, areas with seismicity over 6 and 7 points, undermined (except for group IV) and karst territories (except for territories in which, according to the conclusion of the karst assessment, anti-karst measures are not required), as well as other soil and man-made conditions under which negative impacts on the gas pipeline are possible.
For cities with a population of more than 1 million people with a seismicity level of more than 6 points, as well as cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people with a seismicity level of more than 7 points, gas supply should be provided from two sources - main gas distribution stations or more, with their placement in opposite sides of the city . In this case, high and medium pressure gas pipelines should be designed in a loop with their division into sections by shut-off devices.
5.6.2 Crossings of gas pipelines through rivers up to 80 m wide, ravines and railway tracks in excavations, laid in areas with seismicity of more than 7 points, must be provided above ground. Limiters for the movement of gas pipeline supports must ensure its free movement and exclude the possibility of being thrown off the supports. In justified cases, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes with a protective sheath.
5.6.3 When designing underground gas pipelines in seismic areas, in mined and karst areas, at intersections with other underground utilities, at the corners of turns of gas pipelines with a bending radius of less than five diameters in places where the network branches, the transition of underground to above-ground, and the location of permanent connections ( polyethylene - steel), as well as within settlements on linear sections of steel gas pipelines, control tubes must be provided every 50 m.
5.6.4 In soils of varying degrees of heaving, as well as in bulk soils with heaving properties, the depth of gas pipelines to the top of the pipe must be at least 0.9 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 m. This requirement applies to areas with unequal degree of heaving and at distances equal to 50 nominal diameters of gas pipelines on both sides of their border.
If the soil is uniformly heaving, the depth of laying the gas pipeline to the top of the pipe should be, m:
- not less than 0.7 standard freezing depth, but not less than 0.9 for medium heaving soils;
- not less than 0.8 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 for highly and excessively heaving soils.
5.6.5 For LPG tank installations with underground tanks designed in special conditions, provision must be made for above-ground laying of liquid and vapor phase gas pipelines connecting the tanks.
5.6.6 When seismicity is more than 7 points, in mined and karst areas, in areas of permafrost soils for polyethylene gas pipelines, the following should be used: pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 for gas pipelines, laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts, and at least 2.0 for inter-settlement gas pipelines. Under the specified special conditions, it is allowed to use pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 in polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa. When laying gas pipelines in rocky soils, polyethylene pipes with a protective sheath should be used in accordance with GOST R 50838. Welded butt joints must undergo 100% control by physical methods.
5.6.7 When designing gas pipeline entries into buildings, compensation for the gas pipeline should be provided, taking into account possible movements (settlements, buckling) of the buildings and the gas pipeline itself.
5.7 Rehabilitation of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines
5.7.1 For restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines, the following is used:
- on the territory of settlements and urban districts:
- at pressures up to 0.3 MPa inclusive - drawing in a gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6 without welded joints or connected using parts with a seal, or connected by butt welding using high-grade welding equipment automation;
- at pressures above 0.3 to 0.6 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment high degree of automation;
- at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose using a special two-component glue, subject to confirmation in the established manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical conditions), the scope of which extends to given pressure;
- outside settlements and urban districts:
- at pressures up to 0.6 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation;
- at pressures above 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.0 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation . The space between the polyethylene pipe and the worn-out steel gas pipeline (frame) with pressure over 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive must be filled (if possible) along the entire length with a sealing (sealing) material, for example, foam material;
- at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose using a special two-component glue, subject to confirmation in the established manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical conditions), the scope of which extends to given pressure.
When drawing, polyethylene pipes are used without a protective shell, with a protective shell, or with co-extrusion layers.
For restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines outside and on the territory of settlements and urban districts, other reconstruction technologies are allowed: pulling polyethylene pipes with short pipes connected to each other into a long pipe reduced in diameter, pulling thin-walled profiled pipes SDR 21 and SDR 26, laying polyethylene pipes instead of worn steel ones by destroying them or other technologies, subject to confirmation in the prescribed manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure.
5.7.2 Restoration and overhaul of worn-out steel gas pipelines may be carried out without changing the pressure, with an increase or decrease in pressure compared to the pressure in the existing gas pipeline.
In this case, it is allowed to save:
- intersections of restored areas with underground utilities without installing additional casings;
- depth of installation of restored gas pipelines;
- distances from the restored gas pipeline to buildings, structures and engineering support networks according to its actual location, if the pressure in the restored gas pipeline does not change or when the pressure in the restored gas pipeline increases to 0.3 MPa.
Restoring worn-out steel gas pipelines with the possibility of increasing pressure to high is permitted if the distances to buildings, structures and utility networks meet the requirements for a high-pressure gas pipeline.
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