A well-equipped autonomous sewage system is the most important tool that allows the owner of a private plot to effectively solve the problems of wastewater disposal and treatment. Only after the creation of a private sewer system does the house become a truly comfortable and comfortable home, fully complying with all current standards.
Thanks to the sewer system, residents have the opportunity to use water without any kind of restrictions: install hydroboxes and bathtubs, washing machines, etc.
The installation of a basic autonomous sewage system can be handled without outside help. All work comes down to installing the tank, laying pipes and ensuring the correct functioning of the created complex.
Before embarking on activities to arrange an autonomous sewage system, you need to study the relevant information and draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of one or another type of existing systems.
Practical experience allowed us to sufficiently analyze the available data and draw a number of important conclusions regarding what a truly effective and high-quality autonomous
In order for the system to fully cope with all the tasks assigned to it, it must meet the following requirements:
Thus, there are quite a lot of different requirements for modern autonomous sewage systems. However, in practice everything turns out to be much simpler than in theory.
Prices for septic tanks TOPAS
Autonomous sewage system TOPAS
The finished sewer system, equipped taking into account all the recommendations, will serve without any complaints for the longest possible time. At the same time, the system will comply with current sanitary and hygienic standards, which will save the owner from unpleasant proceedings with the relevant authorities.
How does an autonomous sewer system work?
Modern sewer systems are compact, extremely convenient, practical and easy to install, as well as environmentally friendly. The most popular systems are those that combine the functions of cleaning and supplying oxygen to working containers.
Such sewers are created using the highest quality materials. Typically the main material is polypropylene. It is characterized by excellent strength, environmental friendliness, thermal conductivity and is lightweight.
The modern market offers a wide range of different biological wastewater treatment stations. Moreover, they all function according to approximately the same mechanism. Certain wastewater treatment plants are responsible for using organic waste as an energy source. For full life activity, such bacteria also need oxygen.
The wastewater treatment system operates according to an extremely simple scheme. At the first stage, the wastewater is artificially saturated with air necessary for life and bacteria. In the process of their development, bacteria eat and mineralize organic matter that is part of sewage water.
Such bio-stations are characterized by a very high rate of wastewater treatment. As a result, purified water can be used without any fear for watering garden plants or drained into a suitable place.
An additional advantage of an autonomous sewer system is that there is no need to make complex determinations of the optimal dimensions of the chamber and the expected volume of wastewater.
Information about the design capacity of the station is given in its name. For example, one of the most famous wastewater treatment systems, Astra Sewerage 5, can handle the treatment of wastewater generated by five users. A high-performance station called Topaz 150 will be able to serve a holiday or cottage community for 150 residents.
Tips for installing autonomous sewerage elements
In order for an autonomous sewer system to fully cope with all the tasks assigned to it, the installation of its main elements must be carried out in accordance with a number of requirements, namely:
Guide to installing an autonomous sewer system
First step
Select a location to install the septic tank. The minimum permissible distance from the septic tank to residential buildings and roads is 5 m, to garden trees – 3 m, to a water source – 50 m.
Second step
Proceed with excavation work. The dimensions of the pit for installation must exceed the dimensions of the container itself by 30 cm on each side.
Prices for septic tanks Alta Group
Autonomous sewerage Alta Group
The technology allows the installation of a septic tank and a biofilter in a common pit.
Dig a trench for laying external pipes with a 2-centimeter slope for every 100 cm of pipeline length.
Third step
Compact the bottom of the pit and fill it with concrete. Place the plastic container on the hardened concrete pad. Additionally, secure the septic tank to the concrete base using cables.
Fourth step
Build a sewer system. Connect the pipes according to your diagram. At the same stage, fill the biofilter blocks with expanded clay and bioactive absorbent.
Fifth step
Backfill with earth and sand or a cement-sand mixture in layers. Compact each layer of backfill thoroughly. At the same time, fill the septic tank with water to a level slightly higher than the level of the filled material.
The pipes are covered first with sand and then with soil. There is no need to compact the backfill.
Connect the pipes in the house in accordance with the conditions of your situation. At this moment everything is individual.
Find out online from our new article.
Prices for septic tanks EcoProm
Autonomous sewage system Ecoprom
Thus, there is absolutely nothing complicated in the DIY equipment of an autonomous sewer system. The finished complex will effectively cope with all the tasks assigned to it, relieving the owner of a lot of hassle associated with wastewater treatment. Follow the instructions and everything will definitely work out.
Good luck!
Video - Do-it-yourself autonomous sewer system
Today, do-it-yourself autonomous sewerage is done using plastic pipes and fittings. In private homes and country houses where there is no centralized sewerage system, installing a local system is the only possible option to experience all the benefits of civilization.
The predominant use of plastic is due to the obvious advantages that this material provides. After all, it is not subject to corrosion and is extremely convenient for installation.
Autonomous sewerage: device and principle of operation
When faced with the need to install a sewer system in a country house for the first time, a number of questions may arise regarding the design and installation of the system. First of all, you need to find out what an autonomous sewage system is.
Autonomous sewerage is a local network of water treatment communications that has an independent pipeline and individual treatment facilities.
The autonomous sewage system includes the following components:
- Internal network of plumbing fixtures and pipes.
- External piping.
- Treatment facilities (septic tank).
- Compressor (optional). You can choose more modern modifications of the septic tank that initially use a compressor, or add it to an existing cleaning system.
The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system is to drain recycled water and waste through in-house pipes to the outside, where they flow through a well-functioning system directly into the septic tank. A three-stage wastewater treatment takes place in the septic tank, and then it is sent for further soil purification in a filter well or soaking trench. To speed up the decomposition process of wastewater, it is recommended to supply oxygen to the septic tank. This result can be achieved by installing a compressor.
The final stage of sewer cleaning is well demonstrated by the following diagram:
If you install a compressor, the flow of oxygen into the internal chambers of the sump promotes the occurrence of aerobic and anaerobic processes for the complete decomposition of organic impurities. Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the following scheme:
Which sewerage system to choose
There are various ways to arrange an autonomous sewage system. It can be not so easy to determine which drainage system is best for your home.
A detailed classification will help you make the right choice:
The main advantages of septic tanks with mechanical cleaning
The use of a wastewater treatment system using septic tanks is widely used in country houses and summer cottages due to the following advantages:
- The septic tank does not require maintenance;
- The device operates at any time of the year;
- Work breaks are allowed;
- Installation does not require electrical connection.
The best option for solving the issue of diverting waste from a home sewer is to tie it into a city highway. Difficulties with connection arise when the common pipe is located at a great distance, or the location of the site does not allow direct connection to the utility network. In such a situation, you will have to study how an autonomous sewage system works and design a private local wastewater treatment plant.
Autonomous system in a country house
Autonomous sewerage is the disposal of wastewater directly in the area adjacent to the house, or the creation of one local system to serve several buildings. There are 3 ways to install an autonomous home sewer system:
- Drain pit.
- Septic tank.
Septic tank with outlet through the filtration field to the receiver
- Treatment station – VOC.
Photo: private autonomous sewage system based on VOC
Cesspools: the simplest type of sewage system
A budget and simple option for installing a home sewer system is to dig a drain hole. The principle is simple: liquid waste is transported through a sewer pipe into a container. If the tank is sealed, then the waste accumulates in the pit until pumping, which is carried out every 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the intensity of sewer use and the internal volume of the tank.
Regular pumping and unpleasant odor: cesspool
There is another type of cesspool - filtration tanks. A container without a bottom is placed in the pit, and the lower part is covered with sand and crushed stone, through which the wastewater gradually seeps into the ground. Installation of filter wells without preliminary drainage treatment is prohibited. You can equip a pit without a bottom only for servicing summer cottages with 1 - 2 points of water use: shower and toilet. The main disadvantage of drainage pits is the need for regular cleaning. It is almost impossible to avoid the appearance of a persistent unpleasant odor that does not disappear even after disinfection of the receiving containers. The installation of cesspools is prohibited in residential urban areas, near neighboring plots and buildings.
Septic tanks: improved drain tanks
A septic tank is the best option for installing an autonomous sewer system in a country house or country house, if the number of residents does not exceed 3–4 people, or the house is used for seasonal living.
A septic tank is a structure of several chambers connected to each other. Effluents entering the structure undergo at least 2 stages of purification:
- Mechanical. Inside the chamber, primary settling and separation of waste occurs: dense substances and solid insoluble masses settle to the bottom. Liquid waste flows into the next compartment.
- Biological. The natural process of filtering sewage waste takes up to 3 days. The processing of organic compounds takes place in a crust on the surface of the liquid during the activity of anaerobic bacteria.
Bacteria that process waste exist in specific conditions: to survive, they need a strong film on the surface of the water and the absence of oxygen. During the cleaning process, a large amount of gas is released - to remove methane, septic tanks must be equipped with ventilation with output to the roof level of residential buildings.
Multi-chamber septic tank on site
Septic tanks as an autonomous sewage system are used to dispose of wastewater in houses and areas not connected to the power grid, or with constant interruptions in power supply. The system is autonomous and non-volatile. The movement of liquid in the compartments is carried out using an overflow, and the discharge is through a discharge pipe into a filtration well or onto a gravel field. Septic tanks with biofiltration systems require regular cleaning. Depending on the type of filter and the amount of waste - up to 1 time every 1 - 2 months.
VOC: full treatment stations
Local treatment stations (LPS) are systems for installing autonomous sewage systems with the maximum degree of purification. The purity of the outlet drain is up to 98%. VOCs are energy-dependent systems that require uninterrupted power supply. Factory complexes are equipped with equipment for multi-stage filtration in automatic mode.
Scheme: complex treatment station
The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system is the complex processing of wastewater in the chambers of the station:
- Primary mechanical cleaning. Several types of mechanical filters are installed in the receiving compartment: large particle catchers, grease catchers.
- Aerobic processing. Biofiltration of pre-treated wastewater with aerobic bacteria.
- Anaerobic treatment. Removal of organic compounds in a chamber with anaerobic bacteria.
- Final purification. Additional mechanical filtration.
The stations do not require cleaning or special care. The owner needs to inspect the internal chambers once a month. Mechanical filters are cleaned once every six months, and maintenance and replacement of equipment parts is carried out once every few years.
What you need to know about autonomous treatment plants: operating principles and types of systems
One station can serve several houses
What do you need to know in order to select and install an autonomous sewage system without errors? The main parameters that are taken into account when selecting the type of station:
- Average daily volume of water and maximum predicted consumption value during the day: this indicator is needed to determine the volume of the system.
- The quality of power supply is a determining factor when choosing the type of station.
- Technical characteristics of the site: relief features, depth of groundwater.
- The presence or absence of natural reservoirs and ditches.
When choosing a septic tank that operates as an autonomous sewage system based on the principle of anaerobic treatment, choose a ready-made structure or construct a system of sealed containers on your own.
External view of the system on site
VOC – factory-made integrated solutions, with full preparation for installation and start-up. Installation is carried out by representatives of the manufacturer or construction companies that specialize in engineering communications.
Factory cleaning systems: manufacturing materials and equipment
Containers for arranging septic tanks and treatment stations are produced in sealed cases made of materials:
- Polymers based on acrylic resins. Plastic septic tanks and stations can be made of polyethylene, PVC or fiberglass. For a home system, it is better to choose multilayer seamless polyethylene or fiberglass. Such containers are not subject to depressurization along connection lines. The material is resistant to corrosion, withstands exposure to chemicals, and is completely waterproof.
- Metal. Metal tanks are less reliable due to the risk of depressurization. Weld seams are the weak point of the structure, and it is impossible to carry out regular inspections, because the container is dug into the ground. Metal tanks require preparation before installation: surface and internal treatment with a protective anti-corrosion compound. Another disadvantage of steel containers is their high thermal conductivity. Structures dug into the ground must be insulated before backfilling.
Container in a reinforced concrete ring with sprinkles
When constructing septic tanks yourself, concrete rings and ready-made reinforced concrete parts are used. Select special products for installation in the ground, made from a solution with the lowest degree of permeability.
Cleaning mechanism and operating principle of sewerage
To understand how an autonomous sewage system works in a private house, you need to understand the mechanism for purifying drain water inside a factory structure. VOC stations are complex systems with internal division into several connected and (or) sealed chambers.
In the first settling chamber, the primary mechanical separation of wastewater occurs. The volume of the chamber depends on the type of construction and the length of time the waste is in the receiver. Mechanical filtration involves the natural settling of insoluble sediment and the passage of water through a mesh removable filter basket. The mesh of the mechanical filter accumulates waste that ends up in the sewer drain: garbage, paper. Additionally, manufacturers install shredders in systems that are equipped with electrical equipment.
Cleaning mechanism in a three-chamber system
After the mechanical cleaning chamber, the liquid enters a container with biofilters, where the main processing takes place. Factory designs are produced with active (anaerobic) and aerobic cleaning chambers. There are also systems with combined processing. At the exit from the compartment with biofiltration, the purity of the effluent is 80%. From the biofiltration chamber, the runoff can be discharged directly onto the filtration field or into a tunnel. Some systems are equipped with a final purification tank - a compartment with mechanical filters made of minerals of volcanic origin, natural and artificial absorbents.
Biofiltration: the use of energy-independent anaerobic systems
Structures operating on the principle of an active septic tank are installed when it is necessary to provide wastewater treatment without connecting the system to the electrical network. The design consists of 1 – 2 chambers. Autonomous sewerage operates in a continuous mode, so the volume is calculated based on the fact that it takes 3 days to process the wastewater.
Anaerobic treatment in the septic tank body
The processing of organic matter is carried out due to the vital activity of bacteria, which populate the septic tank artificially (through the sewer). Microorganisms live in an airtight film of fat that enters the container along with wastewater. During processing, a large amount of heat and gases are released - waste products of bacteria. Therefore, the liquid level inside the chamber should not exceed 2/3 of the volume, and the gas removal is ensured by a ventilation pipe.
Crust on the surface is a habitat for bacteria
The number of active microorganisms directly depends on the intensity of sewer use and the chemical composition of the drain. For high-quality cleaning, up to 3 months should pass from the moment the system is launched. Bacteria are sensitive to chlorine and chemicals from household detergents. By regularly draining the water from your washing machine or dishwasher, the number of microorganisms can decrease dramatically. Anaerobic systems require regular maintenance: the receiver tank must be cleaned every few months, leaving up to 1/5 of the volume to preserve a film of bacteria. Do not use chlorine or acid-based cleaning products; it is necessary to minimize the amount of household chemicals entering the drain.
Cleaning in the aeration chamber: how an aerobic biofilter works
Most VOCs are built on the basis of chambers with compressor aeration equipment - aeration tanks. The degree of purity of the output water is from 85 to 98%. When installing stations with a high degree of purification, there are no problems with obtaining permits - such systems are installed in urban and suburban private houses.
Diagram: drain cleaning mechanism
The primary treatment chamber, which is located in front of the biofiltration tank, is additionally equipped with grease traps, which facilitates complete wastewater treatment. The biological processing chamber operates with a constant supply of oxygen. To supply air, manufacturers install compressor equipment into the aeration tank.
Bacteria that process waste live in the activated sludge inside the chamber. Their quantity is regulated naturally. If the volume of waste water increases or there is a need to intensify and speed up the cleaning process, the amount of oxygen supplied is increased. The adjustment process is programmable. During operation, oxygen supply is performed automatically. Aerobic microorganisms are less sensitive to the presence of chemicals in the processed liquid. Therefore, VOCs can be used without restrictions for installation in residential buildings, commercial facilities with intensive use of detergents.
Advantages and features of autonomous stations
Local autonomous systems – absolutely safe home sewerage. Advantages:
- Environmental friendliness. The design and operating principle of autonomous sewerage stations make it possible to install devices in close proximity to buildings in residential areas. There is no unpleasant odor - the containers are sealed and there is no need for a vent. There is no risk of soil or water pollution. In the event of an emergency, an alarm will sound; if the power supply is cut off, the station can operate normally for several hours.
VOC: no restrictions for installation in residential areas
- Minimum maintenance activities. The system does not require regular cleaning. Preventive examinations are carried out once a month. The stations are self-cleaning; there is no need to involve equipment for pumping.
- Durability. Plastic structures last for 50 years. Internal parts, including equipment elements in the aeration tank, are made without the use of steel. If the drain is discharged into a filtration field, then the bulk filter is replaced every 10 years.
How to choose the type and capacity of the sewer system without mistakes
Installation of a factory system on site
There are no problems when choosing complex cleaning stations. Autonomous systems can be installed on a site without restrictions on the type and composition of the soil, or the depth of groundwater. The only parameter that the owner must take into account is the number of people living in the house. Factory VOCs are produced in different modifications, with different volumes of processing. For installation in difficult conditions, structures with increased installation depth are selected - for laying pipes below the freezing point.
Video: how an autonomous station works
When arranging a sewer system for your home, give preference to factory-made systems with comprehensive, complete cleaning.
If, when choosing between a septic tank and an autonomous treatment plant, your choice is an autonomous treatment plant, the next step is to select the manufacturer of the autonomous sewage system, the volume, modification of the product and select the method of drainage of purified water. At this stage, it would be better to trust the specialists, since they know the principle of operation of the sewage system and all the nuances associated with its installation and operation.
Please note that it is impossible to select autonomous sewage systems over the phone! Select a modification of the product, a method of removing purified water and calculate what the final product will be price at local treatment plant with installation. This can only be known after a personal inspection of the area by a specialist. He should at least take measurements from the house to the installation site, differences in the area and find out the groundwater level (groundwater level). If a “specialist” “helps” you buy an autonomous sewer system in a telephone conversation without examining the site, then you should at least think about the competence of this “specialist”.
Next, we would like to tell you how it affects installation of autonomous sewerage GWV, about methods of drainage of purified water and about the slope on the site, we have also prepared a video especially for you of the installation of an autonomous sewerage system and a drainage tunnel:
Video: Installation of an autonomous sewage system "Dochista" in Yaroslavl by the company SvayBurVod.
Ground water level necessary measure in spring, or proceed from the maximum possible, because an autonomous sewage system in a private house will be used all year round. Even if the water drainage system through an infiltrator (drainage tunnel) or drainage well is installed correctly, I think it is obvious that, for example, when removing purified water from a station at a depth of 40 cm from the ground level, if the groundwater level rises to 30 cm from the ground level (zero mark ), then the groundwater will be on the contrary, go into an autonomous sewer system or septic tank, which will lead to blockage in the sewer pipe and can lead to compressor failure at the local wastewater treatment plant.
After determining the ground level it is necessary choose a place, where the installation of an autonomous sewage system and the method of discharge and disposal of purified water will be carried out. For this purpose, in modern construction they use optical level, it can also be rented. Already with the help of a level, you can determine the places where in the future it will be possible install a septic tank or autonomous sewer system, taking into account the laying of pipes with the required slope.
Discharge of purified water can be carried out by gravity, or forcibly, for this it is necessary to maintain a certain slope, at least 2 cm per 1 meter of pipe. To determine the method of discharge of treated water, it is recommended to use optical level.
IMPORTANT! If the discharge of purified water will be carried out forcibly, then it is necessary to set in the HDPE pipe level position so that the water drains completely. Otherwise the water in the pipe will freeze and the entire highway will have to be heated, which will be almost impossible to do in cold weather. We recommend running the HDPE pipe into insulation "Tilit" and on top in sewer pipe.
In case nearby no ditch, into which it would be possible to discharge purified water, establish infiltrator (drainage tunnel), which is selected individually according to the performance of the VOC, and the depth of its installation determined by ground level on the site in the spring.
Also, customers, or rather builders, often commit error when removing the sewer pipes from home for further installation of a septic tank or autonomous sewer system. It's simple, this pipe is removed below the required level, because of this, the station has to be installed much lower than ground level, and the top build up with additional neck. This will not affect the operation of the station in any way, but the maintenance of the station will will complicate it many times over.
For proper operation autonomous sewerage, accurate compliance with the wiring diagram, namely: the presence of a sand cushion, which must be compacted (to do this, the sand is spilled with water), the outside of the station itself must be sprinkled sand-cement mixture in a proportion of 1/4 or 1/5 with constant wetting and compaction. Unfortunately, there are installers who neglect this rule and, in order to save money, sprinkle the VOC with sand, or even cover it up "reverse"(with soil raised during digging) It is also important to correctly insulate the station(although anaerobic bacteria release thermal energy during their life, to survive in the cold, VOCs must be insulated) and with watching the horizon along the neck of the treatment plant.
Our specialists have been trained directly at the manufacturing plant and as a result of the control installation, our leading specialists received certificates:
At the moment, many manufacturers of autonomous sewers in Yaroslavl and the Yaroslavl region are trying to prove to the client that their products are better. Such manufacturers of septic tanks and autonomous sewers as DOCISTA, BIOTANK, ASTRA (Unilos), TOPAS, TERMIT, KOLOMAKI, EUROTANK, RODLEKS, etc. compete with each other. But any competent specialist knows that the operating principle of all these autonomous sewers is identical. In essence, all competition comes down to the following: Whoever has the lowest price for an autonomous sewer system, and at the same time has high reliability, will occupy the majority of the market. Therefore, I would like to dwell in more detail on the station, which, in the opinion of our experts, deserves special attention:
This is an autonomous sewer system FUCKING PRO and PR series. Firstly, these autonomous cleaning systems differ from competitors in their simplicity, wastewater is pumped only where independent overflow is not possible, and in the entire structure there are only 2 aerators and 2 pumps operating from a compressor using the “airlift” principle, and they can stop working only if the compressor fails. Secondly, one of the pumps is designed for scheduled maintenance of an autonomous sewer system, which means that the consumer does not have to enter into an agreement for annual maintenance of the treatment plant for a lot of money; now the client can pump out dense fractions on his own simply by turning on the required pump. Well, thirdly, this is the price, it is lower than that of competitors, while the quality of materials and components is no worse than that of more expensive analogues. The body of the treatment station itself is round in shape, due to which the loads exerted by the soil are distributed evenly; take a chicken egg, for example, its integrity can only be broken if you apply pressure at a point, but if you apply pressure over the entire area of the egg, you will have to apply many times more effort. Thanks to this shape, with a similar wall thickness, the septic tank or Dochista treatment station will withstand many times more load than its rectangular counterparts.
How does an autonomous sewer system work?
The sewage drain through the pipes flows by gravity from the house into the first “receiving” chamber (A zone), where floating films, fats, non-sediable substances and surfactants are retained on the surface. In the receiving chamber, solids and other dense fractions precipitate,
From the first “receiving” chamber (A zone), sewerage discharges enter the second chamber of the septic tank (B zone), already without solids, where suspensions that did not precipitate in the first chamber, as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms, become a flocculent mass, which in turn precipitates. Due to the fact that the overflows between the chambers are located below the water surface, colonies of bacteria multiply without hindrance and increase their numbers.
From the second chamber (B zone), sewage discharges, passing through drainage perforations, enter the third chamber of the septic tank (B zone). In this case, the flakes that formed in the second chamber and did not precipitate are compacted and in the third chamber of the septic tank (B zone) precipitate in the form of a fine suspension. Also in the third chamber (B zone) other organic compounds precipitate, which during anaerobic processes became suspended from dissolved.
Principle of operationautonomous sewage system with drainage pump
Cleaning of domestic sewage drains in a local deep cleaning station occurs as follows:
The sewage drain through the pipes flows by gravity from the house into the first “reception” chamber (A zone), where a fine-bubble aerator (D1) is located in the lower part; it is necessary to supply air, which is necessary for the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria.
In the first chamber, the principle of sewage treatment is based on the biological process of removing pollutants through the vital processes of activated sludge. In the first and second chambers, as a result of the enrichment of the sewer with oxygen, carbon dioxide is released from the polluted water, and the organic substances that are part of the sewage are processed during the life of aerobic bacteria, which in turn multiply and stimulate reactions to purify the nitrogen fraction .
For the most part, sludge consists of organic substances that, in a favorable environment, are subject to biological decomposition; it is sludge that is necessary for the life of bacteria, since it serves as food for them. Activated sludge is a biomass consisting of aerobic bacteria and sludge. Removing nitrogen from sewer drains occurs in 2 stages, one of which is called nitrification and occurs in an aeration tank under the influence of oxygen. Thanks to the vital processes of aerobic bacteria, sewage in the first and second chambers (A, B zone) are saturated with ammonia, dissolved ammonia compounds and protein decomposition products, which are oxidized due to the constant supply of oxygen to the aerators, and are transformed first into nitrites and then into nitrates. Nitrates then precipitate along with the sludge, and in the second stage of denitrification, nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas. In the second chamber (B zone), carbon dioxide is released along with nitrogen, which are not pollutants and do not carry an unpleasant odor. Next, the sewage discharge through perforation enters the third chamber (B zone) for final clarification, and the biofilm remains on the surface of the water in the second chamber. The sediment formed during the clarification of water in the third chamber enters through the airlift (G) into the first “receiving” chamber.
The cleaned and clarified sewerage discharge is removed from the third chamber (In zone) by gravity or forcibly (depending on the groundwater level, slope and rock profile at the site) into the ground through a drainage field (infiltrator/drainage tunnel or drainage well) or into a drainage ditch.
For many people, a country house is not just a place to relax for the weekend and on vacation, but also a permanent place of residence, replacing a stuffy apartment in the city. Therefore, almost each of them strives to make the living conditions in their own country house as comfortable as possible.
In the event that there is no central sewer network in a holiday village, which is often the case, an autonomous sewer system using a septic tank - a local treatment facility - comes to the rescue.
Classification of septic tanks
The principle of operation of any septic tank, regardless of the material of manufacture and design, is based on the mechanism of biological oxidation. This option was suggested to man by nature itself, therefore such wastewater treatment does not require the use of chemical reagents and does not pose a threat to human health and the environment.
Septic tanks are usually divided into two main types:
Advice! Everyone must decide for themselves the question of how to make an autonomous sewer system, based on the length of stay in the home (temporary or permanent), the number of sanitary appliances used in the house (bathtubs, sinks, toilets, washing machines, etc.) , the number of people living and, of course, on personal preferences and available financial resources.
Cleaning systems, in turn, are also divided into 2 types:
The operating principle of septic tanks using the soil cleaning method
The mechanism of operation of septic tanks of this type is quite simple. Sewage is delivered by gravity to a septic tank, which has a number of chambers that are separated by partitions.
Some of the heavy insoluble substances settle to the bottom, the remaining part ferments and decomposes due to lack of oxygen, forming gas (under the influence of anaerobic bacteria).
Overflows and partitions between adjacent chambers are arranged in such a way that floating particles and sediment do not have the opportunity to get into the next section.
Thanks to this mechanism, wastewater is purified by 50-65%. Then purification is carried out using the soil's filtration abilities - clarified wastewater is evenly distributed over the surface of the soil filtration structure in small portions.
Subsequent cleaning is carried out with the participation of aerobic bacteria, which, with an abundance of oxygen, feed on organic matter and partially decompose it. Depending on the filtration capabilities of the soil, such structures are made either in the form of a filtration well or as an underground filtration field.
At the end of all stages of treatment, the wastewater is purified by 95%, which is quite sufficient, based on sanitary standards.
The operating principle of an autonomous sewage system in the form of a deep biological sedum scheme
A system of this type is a monoblock in which wastewater is treated using each of the above methods - aerobic and anaerobic (autonomous sewage tank or aeration tank).
One of the chambers of this system reproduces conditions similar to those occurring in a soil filtration system. At the same time, the electronic control unit starts the compressor from time to time, which supplies fresh air to the aeration tank.
Forced aeration helps accelerate the biological decomposition of organic matter and ultimately produces 98% purified wastewater.
How to choose the right sewer cleaning system
A comparative analysis of various types of cleaning systems indicates the following conclusions:
Advice! The best autonomous sewage system is one that does not require human participation in its work, eliminates specific odors, performs its direct function well without harming nature, and lasts up to 50 years.
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