The construction of multi-storey buildings involves performing work in compliance with a number of requirements. At the same time, it must be conducted as professionally and competently as possible. Multi-storey buildings have a very complex structure, and the main task during their construction is to ensure the safety of residents.
Where to start construction?
At the first stage, a land plot is selected, and this must be done in accordance with the urban development plan. The easiest way to get a plot is in areas where development is minimal. After obtaining permission, it will be necessary to conduct a geological examination of the territory. At this stage it is important to find out what the condition of the soil is. Based on the data obtained, materials are selected, and the technology by which multi-story buildings will be built is determined. To obtain a site for construction work, you need to carry out a number of approvals with higher authorities. Along with the allocation of the site, it will be necessary to address issues related to the provision of communications.
Construction process
All received information will be displayed by a diagram of a multi-story building. By the way, it is on the basis of a competent and thoughtful project that you can build housing with minimal costs and losses. At the same time, everything must be taken into account during the design process, including the climatic conditions of the region in which the house will be built. The project will display the space-planning solution of the space, that is, the location of rooms, bathrooms, and ceilings. All this must be done in strict accordance with existing design and construction standards.
Multi-storey buildings are those residential buildings in which the number of floors exceeds 2-3. To build such a facility, a clear load-bearing structure will be required, since these components will bear the entire load. In addition, the building must fit well into the surrounding landscape.
What are multi-storey buildings made of?
Modern technologies open up wide opportunities for the use of various building materials. As a result, the building can be brick, monolithic or panel. Brick construction is becoming less and less common today due to the high costs of both money and time. Accordingly, the price of such housing will be quite high.
Construction is widespread, it is quick, convenient, and economical. However, one cannot dream of retaining heat in them, since the seams between the panels are not airtight.
It is important that the project of a multi-storey residential building built on the basis of panels will have a standard layout, and not every buyer will like this. Therefore, more and more future residents prefer to choose monolithic residential buildings: such buildings are erected quickly, and any shape of the room and planning solution can be chosen.
Whatever multi-storey building is chosen, it is important that any process is based on strict adherence to the rules. As a rule, the first floors in modern high-rise buildings are given over to shops and other infrastructure, while the remaining premises are residential. This approach allows buyers to purchase housing, which will immediately be provided with the most necessary institutions.
Today we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the materials from which modern multi-storey buildings are built. If you don’t know where to start choosing an apartment, start with this classification.
Monolithic frame houses
Today this is the most common type of multi-storey housing: approximately 70% of all new buildings in Russia are built using this technology. Its essence is that load-bearing walls and ceilings in the future house are created by installing a frame made of reinforcement and then pouring this frame with concrete. External walls and non-load-bearing walls inside the house are most often built from foam blocks. Insulation is laid on top of the foam blocks in the external walls, and then the whole thing is plastered and painted to give the house a finished look.
Pros: Low construction costs, high construction speed, the ability to create beautiful architectural structures and unusual planning solutions
Minuses: Low level of sound insulation: the whole house as a single structure. In some monolithic-frame new buildings, developers make efforts to minimize noise levels, but such new buildings are in the minority and apartments in such new buildings are not cheap. Also, the disadvantages include the “clogging” of apartments in monolithic-frame new buildings.
Panel frame houses
Today, this technology is no longer the cheapest - this is also the reason why fewer and fewer panel houses are being built.
Pros: High speed of building a house, relatively low cost. Another feature of panel housing construction is that the walls in such houses breathe, which is a very significant advantage. Also, in terms of sound insulation, such houses are superior to monolithic frame houses, although even in them the sound insulation can hardly be called ideal.
Minuses: Sometimes such houses are more expensive on the primary market than monolithic frame houses, although there are also exceptions. Another danger is that if the joint of the panels in such a house is done poorly, the apartment will be cool.
Brick houses
This type of housing construction is both time-tested and consumer demand. It is important not to confuse the facing bricks used by developers of expensive “monolithic” houses and real brick walls. This can be easily determined by the thickness of the window sill and the thickness of the load-bearing walls - they can reach up to 70 cm.
Pros: The noise level will be much lower; you won’t hear the whole house. Brick walls “breathe” and these apartments are warm. In terms of strength, they bypass panel ones and are on the same level as monolithic ones.
Minuses: Longer construction time and cost of apartments in such buildings. Brick houses can take up to 3 years to build, i.e. twice as long as their monolithic counterparts. And this is almost always fraught with an increase in labor costs for builders, and brick itself is not a cheap material. Therefore, nowadays, mostly luxury new buildings are built from brick. But on the secondary market you can find many brick houses built from 1940 to 2000, which are the same in price as modern monolithic new buildings, but in terms of the quality of construction they are many times superior to them. That is why such properties are consistently in demand among middle-aged buyers.
The construction of multi-storey buildings is one of the most necessary areas of professional activity. Modern conditions force us to look for ways to accommodate the maximum number of people in a limited area. The only way out in this case is the construction of apartment buildings. In order for a completed building to successfully fulfill its intended function, it must be carefully thought out at the design stage and impeccably assembled at the construction stage. Therefore, this matter should be handled exclusively by professionals.
Construction of multi-storey buildings
In Moscow, the design bureau “Monolit” is engaged in the construction of multi-storey buildings. Our portfolio already includes a sufficient number of projects implemented in full accordance with the requirements of both customers and GOST And Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation. It will not be difficult for us to build a house with any required number of floors and apartments. All stages of work are discussed with the client.
Construction of panel and monolithic multi-storey buildings in Moscow
Homes by checking out the list of plots available for sale in the municipality or from private individuals. When choosing, you must take into account what surface the construction will be carried out on and what type of soil. Ultimately, the design of a multi-story building and the cost of construction as a whole will depend on the characteristics of the soil.
To purchase the one you have chosen, first contact the cadastral service to obtain its plan. Check out the plan. If it is necessary to carry out topographic surveys or soil measurements, then if you buy a plot from a person, all work is carried out at his expense, and if - at yours. Conclude a land purchase and sale agreement and register ownership with the Federal Registration Service.
Obtain another site plan from the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning - an urban planning one. Enter into an agreement with a construction organization and order a building project for its employees. When drawing up a project, you need to take into account the condition of the soil, the possibility of connecting all the necessary communications, the presence of nearby transport interchanges, etc.
Enter into an agreement with investors to obtain the funds necessary for construction. Receive a positive opinion on the project from the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning. Contact the head of the administration with an application to issue you permission to place an object (multi-storey building) on this site.
Obtain a building permit from the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (signed by the city's chief architect). Provide documents: - certificate of land ownership;
- contract of sale and purchase of the plot;
- resolution of the mayor of the city to issue you a building permit;
- urban planning plan of the site;
- site organization diagram;
- Specifications for connecting the house to communications;
- project of a multi-storey building (with a positive conclusion);
- constituent documents of a legal entity;
- an agreement concluded with investors (or co-investors). Other documents regulating construction on the site you have chosen may also be required (for example, the conclusion of an environmental impact assessment if the site is located near environmental protection zones). Receive permission within 10 days from the date of submission of documents.
Only after you have received all the permits can you begin to build a house. Once construction is completed, you will also need to obtain permission to put the house into operation after it has been inspected and accepted by a commission from the Department of Architecture and Construction and Supervisory Services.
Let's identify the disadvantages and advantages of the materials from which multi-storey buildings are built. Any construction is a long and calculated process, it takes a lot of time and is designed in advance.
Construction of panel houses.
In the construction of panel houses, time is saved; this is the fastest way to construct buildings.
The advantages of construction are saving time. In factories, special panels are made according to given formats, and at the construction site these panels are assembled, like a puzzle, into a house.
The disadvantage in such houses is low sound insulation, reinforced concrete does not insulate well, and it can also be cool in the cold season. When the seams become old and crumbling, repairs are required, otherwise the house will be cold.
Construction of monolithic houses.
In the construction of monolithic houses, everything is qualitatively different from panels; here the house is built constantly, without interruption, representing a high single structure made of reinforced concrete, with gaps between the structural beams filled with bricks or blocks. It takes many times longer to build a monolithic house, but the quality is higher. The house requires forced ventilation, like all buildings made of reinforced concrete, it does not breathe. All recesses and special cavities for utility lines are designed and calculated in advance, because it is very difficult to break through a reinforced concrete wall.
The disadvantages of monolithic houses are the construction time, low sound insulation, and over time, if all construction rules have not been properly followed, the building will require thermal insulation.
The advantages are that the structure is only load-bearing, and the space inside is larger; you can create an object of any architecture.
Construction of brick houses.
Brick is a fairly ancient material, and compared to other types of construction it has always won. Brick is durable and strong, of course it is inferior in strength to reinforced concrete, but has sound and heat insulation properties. Brick houses take a long time to build, but compliance with construction rules makes the future house durable and reliable. Bricks for construction are made from different materials, depending on the climate zone, you can choose ones that are suitable for weather conditions and seasonal atmospheric phenomena.
Any home is good when it is your own and cozy. During the construction of each house, a project and plan are created, in which engineers carry out calculations and write down the future layout of the space inside and outside the house, architects provide the future appearance of the residential building. Collaborative work after the planning and design stage moves into the execution stage, digging a foundation pit and laying the foundation, basement, and then building floors. The appearance of the house is deliberately simulated, and apartments can be purchased at the construction stage. Calculations allow you to plan not only the building, but also the time for completion of work and commissioning.
The materials from which residential buildings are built differ in their merits, and the choice is made only by the future owner.
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