Rudbeckia perennial is a very beautiful plant that is popular with many gardeners. And it’s not surprising, because in inclement autumn weather it is this tree that will remind you of sunny, warm days with its flowers that look like little suns. Rudbeckia is also loved for its ease of care and unpretentiousness.
From the history
Rudbeckia is a plant that belongs to the Herbaceous genus and the Asteraceae family. There are annual, biennial and perennial representatives of this culture. There are about 40 species in total. North America is considered its homeland, where rudbeckia is still found in huge quantities in the prairies. When the first settlers appeared in North America, they called the flower “black-eyed Suzanne”; after the arrival of Europeans, it received the name “sun hat”.
Rudbeckia
The plant received its current name in honor of the Swiss botanists - father and son Rudbeck. Today, rudbeckia is widespread in many countries of Europe and Africa as a decorative perennial or annual crop.
Important! Many people mistakenly believe that rudbeckia and echinacea are the same plant. They are similar in appearance and originate from the same continent. But there are some differences. It is also worth understanding that echinacea has a number of useful medicinal properties, and information about similar benefits of rudbeckia is an unsubstantiated myth.
Description
The great advantage of rudbeckia is that even before flowering, the bush of this plant is of high decorative value. The height of the bushes depends on the variety and can be from 0.5 to 2.5 meters. Some species even reach 3 meters. Stems can be straight or branched.
The leaves are entire, from 5 to 20 cm. In the lower part of the plant they are located on cuttings, and in the upper part they are sessile. Depending on the variety, they can be different: oval, whole, pinnately dissected, ovoid, pinnately divided.
The inflorescences are represented by baskets (about 15 cm), which are framed by petals. Their color can be completely different, ranging from the traditional yellow to purple-black.
The height of the bushes depends on the variety
After flowering, fruits are formed in the form of an oblong achene, which in some cases is framed by a small crown. The seeds are dark gray in color and small in size.
On a note. Shiny rudbeckia seeds remain viable for 2-3 years.
Main plant types
Rudbeckia is divided into annual (biennial) plant and perennial. Each of them is represented by a large number of species. Some of them are found naturally, others are intended for growing in garden plots or in pots at home. The most common and popular varieties should be considered.
Rudbeckia beautiful or beautiful
A perennial that reaches 50-60 cm in height, with oblong, slightly rounded leaves. The edges are jagged with irregularities. The flowers are bright orange. Mainly found in wet soils of North America.
Rudbeckia is beautiful
Rudbeckia brillianti
A perennial that reaches a height of 60 cm, it is distinguished by solid, narrow lanceolate leaves. The inflorescences reach 9 cm and consist of tubular flowers of orange or dark red color. In nature, there are varieties of rudbeckia Hirta, Goldstar, Goldshturm, which have golden flower petals and a brown core.
Rudbeckia dissected
This plant reaches a height of up to 2 meters. Rudbeckia dissectata is distinguished by a highly branched horizontal rhizome. On powerful stems there are pinnately divided leaves. The inflorescence has a diameter of 10 cm, it consists of 1-3 bright yellow flowers.
Dwarf species
This is a small dwarf plant that does not exceed 30 cm in height. Most often, dwarf rudbeckia is used for growing in border flower beds, in indoor pots or on balconies and loggias. The color of the flowers (diameter up to 10 cm) can be varied: from yellow to purple-black.
Rudbeckia Dwarf species
Rudbeckia terry or hairy
A separate type of rudbeckia, which combines many varieties. The color can be varied. There are white, blue, red, yellow rudbeckia. Shoots up to 1 meter high. The plant lives no more than 2 years and reproduces by flowers. This species is distinguished by the presence of hard hair on the foliage and shoots.
The inflorescences of the basket abundantly cover the bushes during the flowering period. The diameter of the flowers is about 10 cm.
Rudbeckia hybrid
This is a large group that combines hybrids of different varieties of garden plants (hairy, glossy and spreading). The stems are hard, leafy, reaching a height of up to 70 cm. The upper leaves sit on the stem, the lower ones grow on petioles. Hybrid rudbeckia is distinguished by rather large inflorescences, the diameter of which reaches 19 cm. The flower petals resemble reeds in shape, most often colored yellow, sometimes yellow-brown representatives are found. The fruit is a small achene containing dark black shiny seeds.
Interesting fact. There are approximately 1800 pieces in one gram, and germination lasts up to 3 years.
Rudbeckia hybrid
The best varieties of perennial rudbeckia
Today there are a huge number of varieties of this plant on sale. Each of them is worthy of attention, but it is still worth highlighting the most popular:
- Rudbeckia Cappuccino is a representative of the hairy species. Cappuccino is distinguished by a straight, slightly branched stem, on which inflorescences of about 8 cm are formed. The tubular flowers are colored coffee-red, and the lingual ones have an orange-yellow tint. It blooms abundantly until late autumn. Planting and caring for Rudbeckia Cappuccino is not much different from other representatives of similar flowers.
- The Marmalade variety belongs to the Compositae family. A huge number of inflorescences are formed during the season. The flowers are very large, the leaf blades seem to hover above the core and are densely covered with hairs.
- Rudbeckia hairy Mareno is a perennial herbaceous plant that has dark red flowers. It is characterized by relatively early flowering from July to October.
- Rudbeckia Amber. A medium-sized plant, up to 60 cm, which is characterized by good resistance to drought. The flowers are golden yellow. The diameter of the inflorescences is about 10 cm.
- Rudbeckia Golden ball has been very common since ancient times. This is a perennial plant that reaches a height of 2.5 meters. The flowers are shaggy and resemble a small, beautiful yellow ball. Popular because of its unpretentiousness and disease resistance.
- Rudbeckia purpurea. This variety is a very close relative of Echinacea. Powerful shoots reach a height of up to 1 m. The first inflorescences appear in mid-July, in colder regions - in early August. The flower can reach up to 10 cm in diameter.
- Rudbeckia Cherry Brandy. The stems of this variety of rudbeckia are about 0.5 meters high. The flowers of the plant are cherry in color with a dark burgundy color. They look great in flower beds and are used in landscape design. Rudbeckia of the Cherry Brandy variety is either annual or perennial.
- Rudbeckia Toto is a hairy variety. This is a dwarf bush, the height of which does not exceed 30 cm. It looks good in border compositions and other flower beds.
- Another popular low-growing variety is the brilliant Rudbeckia Goldsturm, whose flowers are yellow with a dark center. The rudbeckia variety Goldshturm tolerates weather changes well and pleases with beautiful flowers for a long time.
- One of the common hybrids is Gloria Daisy, whose height does not exceed 70 cm. The starting plant for selection was rudbeckia pilosa. It has abundant flowering and is capable of self-sowing.
Rudbeckia Golden Ball
On a note. No less popular among gardeners are such varieties as Rudbeckia Terry Cap, Mocha, Cherokee Sunset, Zelenoglazka, Gold Flamme, White Swan, Golden Ray, Little Goldstar, Herbston, Vanabalis, Fulgida and others.
Landing
Rudbeckia can be planted by growing seedlings or sowing in open ground. In the latter case, the seeds are sown in May, in colder regions - in early June. By autumn the plant will sprout, and the seedlings can be planted permanently. If planting occurs immediately in a permanent place, then next year you can expect abundant flowering.
You can also sow seeds at home for seedlings. Sowing is done in April. At the end of May it will be possible to plant seedlings in the beds.
Important! The plant is not demanding on the soil, it can grow even on clay soils, but it is still better to choose a fertile area with good lighting.
Features of care
For your information. Rudbeckia is a very unpretentious plant; even a beginner who is not experienced in floriculture can take care of it.
Rudbeckia is a very unpretentious plant
Rudbeckia is not a capricious crop, so simple agricultural practices are sufficient for its good growth:
- Timely watering. The plant loves sunny places, so it is important to monitor the condition of the soil. The occurrence of a period of slight drought will not affect the bushes. During the period of active growth, watering increases, this will help to obtain more abundant flowering.
- Trimming. To ensure abundant and long flowering, it is necessary to regularly trim dry inflorescences. For the winter, the bushes are cut off completely, additionally covering them from frost with spruce branches and dry leaves.
- Feeding. For active growth, it is enough to feed the flower twice a season. The first time complex mineral fertilizers are applied (1 tablespoon of Agricola is diluted in a bucket of water and about 3 liters of solution is poured under each bush) in early spring to help the formation of a powerful root system. The second time feeding is done after 20 days. The ideal option would be the following composition: for 10 liters of water, take 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska and ready-made Ross fertilizer. Consumption – 3 liters per bush.
Reproduction
In addition to sowing seeds, for propagation you can use the method of dividing bushes. It is recommended to divide every 5-6 years. The old bush is dug up and divided into parts. Then new plants are planted while maintaining distance.
Rudbeckia propagation
Important! It is better to propagate when the plant has already entered the active growth phase. The ideal time would be early spring or autumn.
Diseases and pests
The advantage of rudbeckia is its high immunity to diseases and pest damage. In rare cases, you may encounter powdery mildew when growing such flowers. If a white coating appears in the form of specks of flour, measures should be taken: treat with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur. It is also advisable to use copper sulfate for treatment. Add 80 grams to a bucket of water. facilities.
There are cases of damage by leaf nematodes. Its appearance is signaled by brown spots on the leaves, which die off if left untreated. The treatment is carried out with special preparations. If the treatment does not help, then all damaged areas are removed and burned.
Important! With proper care of flowers, the risk of developing diseases and pest damage is minimal.
The foliage of small shrubs should be periodically checked for the presence of leaf-eating insects.
Rudbeckia is a perennial flower that will become a worthy decoration for an alpine hill and flower bed. She is very loved because she retains her attractive original appearance in bouquets for a long time.
Bright as the sun, cheerful rudbeckia from the aster family will serve as a wonderful decoration for your flower garden for several years. Planting and caring for perennial rudbeckia is accessible to a novice gardener; with minimal attention, it delights with bright inflorescences until the onset of autumn frosts.
Plant growing conditions
Growing rudbeckia in a personal plot is not difficult if the planting of the flower is properly organized.
Climatic requirements
The natural growing conditions for rudbeckia are meadows, forest edges, thickets of low bushes, located near reservoirs or rivers in the temperate climate zone of North America. The climate familiar to the plant is in many ways similar to the Russian one, especially in the central zone. Therefore, growing the “sun cap”, this is the popular name of the flower, is not limited by temperature or other conditions.
Selecting a location
The picky rudbeckia is planted in areas with a lot of sun. A little shade, especially on hot afternoons, will not harm the plant. When choosing a location, an equally important factor is the height of the plant - some species grow up to 2 m and higher. Such giants are usually planted along fences or walls of outbuildings. Medium-sized ones decorate flower beds, while low-growing ones are used to decorate borders.
Soil requirements
The “sun cap” grows on any soil, as long as it is fertile. Preference is given to light soils, but clay soil is easily corrected by adding river sand for digging. The pH value is neutral or slightly acidic.
Seedling propagation method
Growing healthy rudbeckia seedlings is not difficult if you follow simple rules. Both home conditions and greenhouse conditions of any climate zone are suitable for cultivation.
Seeds of hybrid varieties of rudbeckia do not inherit parental qualities.
Sowing seeds
The technology is simple and does not require special skills:
- It is better to plant rudbeckia seeds for seedlings from late February to mid-March;
- It is better to collect the nutrient substrate for seeds directly from the place where it will grow constantly; if this is not possible, take purchased soil for seedlings;
- sowing is carried out in seedling boxes in rows or in separate cups, 2-3 pieces each;
- seed placement depth is 0.3-0.5 cm.
Water the seedlings moderately (so as not to provoke the development of fungal diseases) from a sprinkler with spring or settled tap water at room temperature. Optimum temperature +22°C. A lower temperature will significantly slow down the development of seedlings, while a higher temperature will cause them to stretch out. Seedlings from a seedling box are picked at the stage of 2-3 true leaves, placing them in separate cups. From the first days of May (in the south from the second half of April), seedlings begin to be hardened according to general rules.
Timing for planting seedlings in open ground
Seedlings are planted in flower beds when consistently warm weather sets in; specific dates are determined by local conditions and long-term weather forecasts. Approximate dates are the first half of May in the south, after May 15 in the Middle Zone, the Urals and Siberia - mid-June. The first time after planting, the seedlings are covered with agricultural fabric or polyethylene at night. Rooted seedlings tolerate frosts down to -5°C.
Landing technology
Preparation of the planting site includes digging up the soil with the addition of sand and organic matter (humus or compost). You can apply mineral fertilizers at the same time.
Planting is carried out according to the following scheme: step 30-40 cm for low-growing species and varieties; step 50-70 cm for medium-sized people; pitch 70 cm for tall people. You should not be crowded, because plants growing crowded will not have enough sun and heat, and obstructed air circulation will cause diseases. The dimensions of the planting holes should be such that the seedlings with a lump of earth can completely fit in them. The planting depth must fully correspond to the depth of the seedlings. The seedlings are placed in the holes, covered with soil, lightly squeezed and watered.
Advice: “Often summer residents lay out a 10-centimeter cushion of dry vegetable sediment or compost under their flowerbeds with rudbeckia. This option eliminates the need for regular fertilizing and creates additional protection from the cold.”
Direct sowing in open ground
Rudbeckia grown from seeds blooms in the second year. It does not matter whether the seedlings were grown or the seeds were sown directly in open ground. Therefore, summer residents often grow “sunbonnet” by direct sowing, because such plants bloom several weeks earlier than seedlings. Direct sowing is carried out in the spring, in March, as soon as the ground thaws, or in the fall - from the end of October, when stable cold weather sets in.
The algorithm for sowing seeds in open ground is as follows:
- The bed is dug up, organic matter and mineral fertilizers are added, and sand is added if necessary.
- Cut grooves 1-2 cm deep, rows are placed at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other.
- Place the seeds at intervals of 15-20 cm and fill the grooves.
- Crops are watered moderately.
Rudbeckia beds are regularly cleared of weeds. It is not advisable to leave weak shoots. Dense seedlings will make it difficult to care for them; the plants will experience a lack of light, air, and nutrition.
During the first summer, the seedlings form a strong, healthy root system; at the end of August they are moved to a permanent location.
Plant care
Caring for rudbeckia growing on the site is easy. But there are some features that are taken into account in order to grow a healthy, lush and long-flowering bush.
Flowers need to be watered regularly, especially those growing in sunny places. Although the plant tolerates short-term drought, at the beginning of the season it requires a lot of moisture - the vegetative mass is actively growing. After each watering, loosen the soil and remove weeds.
Tall, above 80 cm, types and varieties of rudbeckia need to be tied to supports.
Feeding
Fertilizers are applied twice during the growing season. The first time, in the spring, when active growth begins, they are fed with water-soluble complex mineral fertilizers, for example, “Agricola”, “Kemira”, “Fertika” for flowering plants. Prepare nutrient solutions according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fertilizers are applied again after three weeks. The optimal composition of the nutritional mixture is 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska and 1 tbsp. l. Rossa fertilizers dissolved in a bucket of water. In both cases, solutions are used to water the soil around the plants at the rate of 3 liters of liquid per 1 m2.
Transfer
Rudbeckia's root system grows quite quickly. Therefore, experts recommend replanting bushes every 3-5 years. During this period, the plant thickens, the beautiful bright flowers become smaller, and the decorativeness decreases. Bushes are replanted in early spring or late autumn, when vegetation activity is minimal. The plant is dug up, freed from excess growth, divided and replanted.
It is the division of the bush during transplantation that restarts the regeneration mode, which promotes lush, abundant flowering.
Trimming
Rudbeckia is pruned in order to preserve its decorative properties: faded stems, limp and yellowed parts are regularly cut off. Before winter, the entire above-ground part is cut off at the root, preparing the plant for winter.
Care after flowering
The procedure for caring for rudbeckia after flowering is simple and does not differ from that for other flowering perennials: faded inflorescences are removed, if the seeds are not required, this will prevent self-seeding and stimulate the formation of new buds; 2-3 flower baskets are left for the seeds, the seeds are allowed to ripen, then they are collected, dried and stored.
Preparing for winter
The climatic conditions of the natural environment and the conditions for growing rudbeckia in Russia differ little; the plant overwinters well without additional tricks. Preparing the sun cap for the cold is simple: cut off the leaves and shoots at the root; mulch the soil with 5-6 cm of humus or dry plant residues. Young plants overwintering for the first year are covered with spruce branches.
Difficulties of growing
Rudbeckia is not a plant whose cultivation and care requires overcoming difficulties. If you neglect the basic rules, the bushes will become a desirable prey for insect pests, their immunity will decrease, and the risk of contracting infections will increase.
Diseases and pests
Rudbeckia, with proper care, is resistant to pest attacks and fungal and viral infections. In rare cases, the plant is affected by powdery mildew. For treatment, plantings are treated with colloidal sulfur (1% solution) or copper sulfate at the rate of 80 g of chemical per bucket of water. Another disease that occurs with rudbeckia is rust. For treatment, spray with any antifungal drug.
It happens that rudbeckia is affected by a leaf nematode. Brown spots appear; leaf plates curl and lose color; petioles thicken; signs of damage appear on the buds. For the fight, special drugs are used - “Dimethoate”, “Bi-58”, “Rogor”, “Nemafos”. Processing is carried out according to the manufacturers' recommendations.
Advice: “The leaf nematode is an extremely small insect and is very difficult to see with the naked eye. If a pest is found in neighboring areas, it is advisable to carry out preventive treatment of all plants.”
Flowers with extensive pest infestations are dug up and burned, and the soil is disinfected. Planting perennial rudbeckia and caring for this sunny flower will not take much time. Gardeners know the ease of propagation of the flower, which enlivens the garden plot with numerous bright splashes. The flower thanks for correct adherence to growing rules with bright flowering that continues until frost.
Rudbeckia perennial is one of the brightest representatives of the aster family. The plant is native to North America. Catchy, beautiful rudbeckia flowers will successfully complement the ensemble of any flower garden. The rules of cultivation and care are elementary; even a complete layman in floriculture can adhere to them.
Common varieties
Each of the 300 varieties of rudbeckia is attractive in its own way. Let's note the most popular species that our gardeners most often grow.
Dissected Rudbeckia
Needs minimal care. Characterized by impressively fast growth - up to 2 meters. In turn, dissected rudbeckia has 2 subspecies:
- Rudbeckia Golden ball. Resistance to cold and frost is high. Inflorescences are double. Due to its gigantic growth, its thin stems require additional selection.
- Goldkwelle. It has much in common with the previous subspecies, it is characterized by short stature and a shorter flowering period.
Dissected Rudbeckia Shiny Rudbeckia
The second name is radiant. Rudbeckia brilliantia blooms for 1.5 months. Does not need tying up, as it is short in stature. The variety Vanabilis has narrow leaves, while Sullivant has long-petioled leaves.
Shiny Rudbeckia Hairy Rudbeckia
Characterized by abundant flowering. The decent length of the peduncles explains why hairy rudbeckia is so in demand when arranging bouquets. Varieties such as Goldstrum and Meine Freude are found in nature.
Hairy rudbeckia Glossy Rudbeckia
A real record holder for the length of the stem - it often reaches 2.5 meters. The leaves are light and shiny, the flowers are quite large. Flower growers have a special love for the varieties Goldshirm and Herbstonn.
Glossy Rudbeckia Description of rudbeckia: origin, characteristics, climate
Such a luxurious flower as perennial rudbeckia can be seen from afar. It immediately attracts the eye with its spectacular stems and bright yellow flowers. The color range of rudbeckia in the photo suggests that the color range of the petals is quite rich. It is not limited to yellow - in nature there are both monochromatic and variegated varieties, as well as red and brown etc.
The petals are feather-like, collected in a cup. The core (box with seeds) is lumpy in shape. The inflorescences of some varieties reach 15 centimeters. The erect stem is slightly bent towards the ground in tall varieties. The number of leaves is small, distributed in pairs along the stem. Both dissected and narrow-lanceolate leaves are found.
What are the roots of popular rudbeckia varieties? They have a fairly thick root, the shoots are small and hairy. They fill a lot of space, so they need thinning. Rudbeckia can be planted using seeds or rhizomes.
Growing from seeds - optimal planting period
Such a landing does not cause any special trouble. For rudbeckia, growing from seeds is possible in a flower bed using the seedling method. This method is optimal for any area. If the variety is hybrid, propagation by self-sowing is impossible.
Store-bought seeds collected from rudbeckia are planted in May. Residents of northern latitudes are recommended to carry out this procedure in June. Despite the fact that the plant is absolutely undemanding to soil quality and feels comfortable on clay soil, it is recommended to fertilize the bed. This is a guarantee that rudbeckia purpurea will bloom brighter and more magnificently.
When the material is scattered and covered with soil, it is necessary to lightly sprinkle the soil. Rudbeckia will emerge in the fall. Ready seedlings are planted for permanent beds. Flower growers who planted rudbeckia cherry brandy in a permanent place of growth should expect flowering next spring.
Rudbeckia variety Cherry brandy If you sow in a greenhouse, the procedure can begin in April. At the end of May, the danger of severe frosts has passed, and seedlings of the unpretentious rudbeckia are planted in the garden.
Growing from roots
Dividing rhizomes is the second method of propagating perennial rudbeckia. Planting and further care begin in August. The root of the dug out bush is divided into 2 parts. The elements are planted in a new area. Rudbeckia perennial is suitable for propagation by division after reaching 3 years of age.
It is preferable to divide the bush and plant it in the spring. After all, if the winter turns out to be harsh, the new roots will die.
Soil preparation
Despite its absolute unpretentiousness, in order to achieve maximum results, it is still recommended to prepare the soil for planting the perennial rudbeckia flower. It is enough to dig it up and remove large weeds and apply basic fertilizers. The seedlings are placed in the prepared holes along with a lump of earth. This will speed up the adaptation process.
- The plant prefers light, nutrient-rich soil. When planting on loamy soil, it is necessary to add sand - this will improve the throughput; humus and peat are suitable as fertilizer.
- Seedlings are placed in a hole in the ground filled with water.
- A month later, each bush is fed with fertilizer.
- Flowering will begin in the second year.
Best time to plant
Rudbeckia Golden Globe is planted in the spring. It is better to wait until the days of May or the beginning of summer.
How to determine that a plant is ready for transplanting? It’s very simple - the root system is formed, there are several true leaves. Seedlings are highly sensitive to cold, but there is one secret known to few summer residents. 1-2 weeks before planting, the plant is taken out into fresh air. This is how hardening occurs.
In order for dissected rudbeckia to take root, it is planted in the evening, when the sun has already set below the horizon, or early in the morning. If the place is constantly exposed to the sun, it is recommended to create a slight shade for the next 2 weeks. This will give the plants a chance to get stronger.
Growing rudbeckia from seeds Further care
Having blossomed, the flowers live for 1.5-2 months. Almost all summer the flowerbed will delight you with bright colors and will not lose its decorative effect. During this period, they are actively watered and fertilized. Both universal additives and liquid organics are suitable.
- Regular, timely watering. Like most other flowers growing in sunny areas, annual rudbeckia loves abundant watering. However, the plant will survive short-term drought without problems. The volume and frequency of watering is increased during the growth period.
- Trimming. By promptly removing faded inflorescences, you stimulate flowering. In winter, terry rudbeckia is cut off at the root and covered with grass or spruce branches.
- Feedings, fertilizers. They are applied twice during the entire season. Complex fertilizing is applied at the beginning of growth. For example, a tablespoon of Agricola can be diluted in a bucket of water and watered into a flowerbed in an amount of 3-4 liters per 1 square meter. meter. After three weeks, fertilizing is repeated. Prepare a solution from a bucket of water and a tablespoon of Ross fertilizer or nitrophoska. The consumption is the same as the first feeding.
Rudbeckia hairy and other varieties can be fed with infusion of mullein or wood ash. The amount of fertilizer applied is strictly measured. Excessive feeding will only harm flowering. To prevent cherry rudbeckia from disappearing in winter, it is fed with phosphorus and potassium supplements in September-October.
Growing and caring for rudbeckia (video)
Winter care - what's special?
Growers need to be very careful to prevent self-seeding. Withered flowers are immediately removed or tied with gauze until the seeds ripen. For comfortable wintering, flower stalks are cut off and mulched with peat and sawdust. This will prevent the roots from freezing. Spruce branches and hay are good insulators.
Rudbeckia pests
The flower does not have many diseases. When the soil is wet, Rudbeckia Toto may develop powdery mildew. A solution of copper sulfate is used. The fungicide "Skor" demonstrates high efficiency.
Are there brown spots on the leaves? Rudbeckia has been favored by a leaf nematode. The most effective drugs in the fight against insects are Bazamid, Nemagon and Nemafos. A severely affected peduncle will have to be cut off and burned.
In rare cases, Rudbeckia Hirta can be damaged by caterpillars, but in general, it is very resistant to various types of diseases. Neither the bright rays of the sun, nor drought or high humidity can destroy a flower if unfavorable conditions are temporary.
How to use in landscape design
In any flower garden, blooming rudbeckia flowers will look bright and cheerful. When planting bushes with other plants, it is important to consider the dimensions. The perennial reaches 150-200 cm in height. It creates a shadow that harms light-loving representatives of the flora.
Rudbeckia in landscape design is a huge scope for imagination and implementation of plans. It will be worthy of decorating a garden in a rustic style and will create light ease near buildings and fences.
Large yellow daisies are appropriate in any mixborder. To prevent tall varieties from shading low plants, they are planted in the background. In addition, they need a garter and will be discreetly covered by low crops. The combination of chrysanthemums, asters and rudbeckias is especially effective. We remind you that rudbeckia is also part of the aster family.
Cereals will help diversify the composition. They will give it lightness and sophistication. A composition of several varieties of rudbeckia and echinacea will be no less attractive.
Rudbeckia in landscape design In conclusion, here are a few more tips for those who are planning to use a peduncle in the landscape of their site.
- Use as a single plant is quite acceptable. This way you can decorate the old fence and hide the flaws in the building.
- The plant goes perfectly with tall perennials. These include goldenrod and phlox of different colors.
- You can grow seedlings in a large clay pot. And then place such pots throughout the area. They look very impressive.
- To slightly shade the brightness of the flowers, you can plant juniper or evergreen spruce next to the perennial.
Growing rudbeckia with your own hands brings a storm of emotions and sheer pleasure. It is also worth looking for flowers that would be so undemanding in terms of maintenance conditions. They are unusually good in any area, be it an ordinary garden bed or a flower bed near a residential building. Thanks to long-lasting flowering, bright photos in the garden and at the dacha are guaranteed even in the midst of autumn!
Rudbeckia is a perennial or annual herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. The height of the straight, slightly pubescent stems of the plant can reach 200 cm, although there are also low varieties, up to half a meter high. The foliage is light green, oval, up to 20 cm long. The flowers are single, large (up to 12 cm in diameter), very similar to chamomile. The petals are yellow, orange or red, slightly bent down. The core of the flower is convex and dark brown. The appearance and shape of the flower gave rise to its popular names: Straw Hat, Yellow Daisy, Black-Eyed Susan.
Rudbeckia blooms from July until the first frost. Some perennial flower varieties, in our conditions, are grown as annuals. Rudbeckia seeds ripen well in the middle zone, and the plant is easy to sow again in the spring.
Origin
The flower's homeland is North America, where the plant is widespread in the steppes. About 30 species of rudbeckia are known. Gardeners value it for its unpretentiousness, long and bright flowering.
Description
R udbeckia bicolor. An annual plant in our climatic conditions. The plant quickly grows spreading bushes, with large yellow flowers, with a brown or red spot on the petals. Varieties:
Rudbeckia rough (hairy). Perennial, with a stem height of about a meter. The stem and leaves are covered with coarse, dense hairs. It blooms from mid-summer to October with large flowers. Varieties:
Rudbeckia purpurea (Echinacea purpurea). The bush of the plant is formed by strong reddish stems covered with large serrated foliage. Flowers are more than 10 cm in diameter, the petals are light purple, the center is convex red or brown. Blooms from July to September. Varieties:
Rudbeckia occidentalis. An original variety of plant that has no petals on the flower. The core of the flower is black or dark brown, in the shape of a cone, and looks unusual in bouquets. The height of the plant reaches one and a half meters. The “Black Beauty” variety appeared in our country in 2002.
Rudbeckia brillianti. Powerful plant, 110–120 cm high, elongated, large leaves. It blooms with bright yellow flowers from July until cold weather.
Rudbeckia dissected. Perennial, forming powerful bushes, up to 2 m in height. The plant grows quickly, thanks to its branched rhizome. The flowers are 8–10 cm in size, light yellow. Garden forms can have double forms (the most famous is the “Golden Ball” rudbeckia).
You can appreciate the beauty of the flowers from the presented photos of rudbeckia.
Sowing rudbeckia seeds
Rudbeckia seeds retain good germination for 3 years; they can be collected from your own plants. There is no need to prepare the seeds for sowing. The flower can be sown directly into the ground, in May - early June, in well-warmed soil. Seeds are placed in grooves or holes, to a depth of 0.5 cm, according to a 15 by 15 cm pattern. By autumn, young plants can be transplanted to a permanent place and expect flowering next year.
Annual varieties of rudbeckia are sown in March for seedlings. The soil for the flower is prepared from a mixture of sand and peat. Seeds germinate at a temperature of +25 degrees in 10 - 12 days.
Caring for seedlings consists of regular watering (avoiding stagnation of water in the trays) and picking the seedlings into separate containers. Seedlings do not like drafts and irrigation water getting on the leaves. Excessive humidity can lead to blackleg disease. For prevention, plants are watered 2-3 times during the growing period before planting in the ground with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or the drug phytosporin.
Rudbeckia seedlings are planted in open ground when the threat of frost has passed. Before planting, several days before planting, the plants are hardened off by placing them in fresh air for several hours.
Perennial varieties of rudbeckia can be divided. Mature plants older than 5 years must be planted.
In the spring, as soon as the plant wakes up, the bush is dug up entirely and the roots are dismantled, clearing them of soil. The horizontal parts of the rhizome, with growth buds, are cut off with a blade or a sharp knife, and the cut is powdered with ash. The delenka is planted in a new place, no deeper than 15–20 cm. Gaps of 40–60 cm are left between the bushes. After planting, the surface of the earth is mulched with humus and peat.
Placing rudbeckia in the garden
The plant requires bright light and is not afraid of direct sunlight. It can grow in a little shade, but does not bloom as profusely.
Rudbeckia is unpretentious to soils and grows well in breathable, fertile soils. Before planting, the area is dug up, removing the roots of perennial weeds. Humus or compost is added in an amount of 7–10 kg per 1 sq. m. meter. Sand is added to heavy clay soils, up to a bucket per square area. Additional drainage (expanded clay, broken brick) is poured into planting holes for perennial rudbeckia. It will be useful to add peat, since rudbeckia grows well in slightly acidic soils. 
Reproduction
Rudbeckia does not require careful attention. It needs regular watering, not with cold water. The flower loves to take a cool shower in the evening of a hot summer day.
Tall varieties need supports, as the wind can break the flower stalks.
In spring, perennials are fed by generously mulching the soil around the plant with humus or well-rotted manure (layer up to 10 cm). At the time of flowering, plants are given liquid fertilizers with complex mineral fertilizers for flowers (Kemira Lux, Rainbow, Ava).
During flowering, faded buds should be removed promptly. This will not only prevent the plant from self-seeding, but will also preserve the decorative appearance of the shrub.
Rudbeckia is rarely affected by diseases and pests. Only in cold and rainy summers can it suffer from powdery mildew. The disease is manifested by the appearance of a gray coating on the leaves and stem of the plant.
The affected parts of the flower, or the entire plant, are removed from the flower garden. The remaining flowers are treated with copper sulfate (80 g per bucket of water), or with sulfur-based preparations.
If rudbeckia is grown in the same place for a long time, the plant may be affected by a nematode. Sick bushes are burned and the soil is spilled with any disinfectant.
The occurrence of diseases can be prevented by following correct agricultural practices - watering regime, proper planting and fertilizing of the plant.
For the winter, perennials are cut to ground level and covered with a thick layer of sawdust, peat, and fallen leaves. In the spring, it is necessary to drain the melt water so that the rudbeckia roots do not rot. 
Rudbeckia in garden design
The peculiarity of rudbeckia to grow quickly, forming slender branched bushes crowned with large bright flowers, is appreciated by gardeners all over the world. Rudbeckia has been one of the favorite garden plants for decades.
Tall varieties are planted near fences and in the background of flower beds. They are convenient to decorate unsightly walls of buildings, a compost heap, or use as a hedge. Tall plants are “knocked out” with low-growing bright annuals: , . Powerful flowering rudbeckia bushes look good in the company of ornamental shrubs: barberry,.
Compact varieties of rudbeckia are placed in groups on the lawn or included in mixed flower beds. Simple flowers in bright colors enliven arrangements in rustic and natural styles. Rudbeckia looks harmonious with cornflower, small-flowered chrysanthemums, ornamental grasses, marigolds, etc. The sunny “daisies” of rudbeckia look good against the background of silvery wormwood foliage.
Flowers stand well as cut flowers, being an important component of bright summer bouquets.
Watch also the video
A cultivated resident of the North American steppe zones, in our flower beds it is called rudbeckia. Yellow-brown flowers with a prominent dark-colored seed center are called “black-eyed Suzanne” in their homeland, but in our country they are sun caps.
What is so attractive about perennial rudbeckia? What varieties is this plant famous for and are there flowers of other colors?
The flower belongs to the Asteraceae family, genus Rudbeckia. The stem is erect, pubescent, its height is from 50 centimeters to 2 meters.
The oval, elongated leaves can be whole or pinnately divided. The basket-shaped inflorescence reaches 15 centimeters in coverage and can have different shades of yellow-orange color. In the middle there is a black or brown convex center.
A perennial, frost-resistant plant that can grow in one place for up to 5 years, being unpretentious in care. It will decorate local areas and front gardens with its aerial plantings, and will be useful for flower beds and garden compositions. It looks more advantageous in group plantings and with low-growing surroundings of other flowers of contrasting color.
Species diversity
Four dozen varieties of rudbeckia with a long-term development cycle are currently known; hybrids are more common. There are bicolor red-brown, yellow-orange, dark orange multi- and biennials.
There are also low-growing species (30-35 centimeters), they have a variegated color and large flowers. These are bushes with a two-year development cycle.
Height 55-60 centimeters, leaves long, narrow. Both the leaves and the stem are rigidly pubescent. The inflorescence is 8-9 centimeters in diameter and has orange outer, reed petals, and dark red tubular petals in the middle. The middle of the flower basket is convex and brown. Prominent representatives of this species are the varieties Goldstar and Goldshturm.
A tall variety, more than 2 meters, grows in favorable conditions. It stays firmly in the ground thanks to its highly branched rhizome. The inflorescences, located on an erect stem, reach a diameter of 7-10 centimeters and consist of several rows of yellow petals, creating a double appearance. In the center are lighter, greenish tubular petals. The most widely known plant of this species is the famous Golden Ball.
It is an unusual flower shape - it consists of a central cone-shaped inflorescence. It does not have reed leaves, or they reach 1-2 millimeters. The middle is located on the green receptacle. The height of the plant is quite large - 100-150 centimeters. The original appearance of this variety adds piquancy to the bouquet and other compositions. It looks unusual, reminiscent of dried flowers. A new variety, Black Beauty, is known.
Tall, colorful plant. A dark, prominent center of tubular petals is surrounded by bright yellow flat flowers. The leaves are green and have a bluish tint. Representatives of this varietal variety are cold-resistant and tolerate drought well. Inflorescences are beautiful cutting material.
The bush is up to 2 meters high and has smooth, shiny narrow leaves. The color basket, 10-12 centimeters in coverage, is represented by yellow-colored flat flowers surrounded by dark green tubular petals. Noble varieties of glossy appearance Goldshirm and Herbston.
A compact half-meter plant with elongated, rounded leaves. The flowers are large, 10 centimeters in coverage. In the middle there is a tubular inflorescence, dark brownish. The outer leaves are flat, yellow-orange (three-toothed at the ends).
A breeding name that combines several varieties (glossy, dissected, hairy rudbeckia). Hybrids have solid flowers, 19 centimeters in size. Only the length of the reed petals can reach 12-14 centimeters; they are yellowish-brown in color. The middle petals are purple. Tall varieties of this species are Gloriosa Daisy and Double Daisy.
The medicinal plant Echinacea purpurea and its variety white swan are often considered among the species of rudbeckia. This is a false statement, the flowers are simply similar. They belong to the same Asteraceae family, but are classified into different genera: rudbeckia and echinacea. In addition, the first one is not considered as a medicinal plant.
How to grow
The technology for cultivating rudbeckia is simple, suitable for a novice gardener and convenient for those who do not really like caring for plants. This is why this flower has gained popularity among lovers.
Planting and propagation
This procedure is carried out by sowing seeds in open ground, seedlings and dividing the bush.
Seeds are purchased at a specialized store or collected from dry, faded baskets by shaking them onto thick cloth or paper. Well-dried planting material is planted in the ground. Plants grown from such seeds can be significantly inferior in decorative value to the mother flowers.
Sow in open ground
Seed material is sown during the summer, by direct sowing into prepared soil in a garden bed. Soil requirements: a mixture of compost, peat and sand, or it can be the soil that is available. However, more fertile and well-drained soil favors especially lush and friendly flowering.
Make small furrows, sow seeds and cover with soil. This perennial will bloom next year, and this season it will only gain green mass. The advantage of this method is that these seedlings will come to life next spring and begin to bloom earlier than those planted as seedlings.
To get flowering this year, they use the seedling method. Sowing is done in March.
- The container, box or pots are filled with soil mixture;
- Seeds are sown in shallow grooves and sprinkled with a thin layer of earth;
- Spray with a spray bottle, moisturizing;
- To create a greenhouse effect and better germination, cover the containers with film;
- Shoots will appear in 10-14 days; if necessary, they are planted when two true leaves appear;
- Before planting, the seedlings are hardened off by taking them to a cool room;
- It is necessary to plant in open ground in May-June (when frosts have passed) after the plants reach a height of 15-20 centimeters.
Rudbeckia bushes are quite spreading; to mark the place for planting, an interval of 50 to 100 centimeters is left between the bushes, depending on the height of the plant. Some of them need garter and support.
Division of rhizomes
From spring to late summer, as well as in September, the flower can be replanted by dividing the bush. For this purpose, plants that have reached 2 years of age and above are used. The root of the plant is separated from the stems, leaving the buds. The separated parts of the root are planted in a permanent place.
This procedure is performed at least once every 2-4 years. Otherwise, the flower loses its attractiveness and degenerates.
Care and feeding
- It is better to plant flowers of this species in sunny areas; in the shade it will stretch out and bloom later.
- The plant needs watering only in dry times.
- Weeding is done regularly, which loosens the soil.
- Plants 1 meter high and above need staking, although they have rigid stems.
- Faded flowers and dry leaves are removed as they appear, which has a beneficial effect on the setting of new flower stalks.
- Fertilizing is done 2 or 3 times per season, with special complex fertilizers, this is useful both for flowering and for better wintering.
- In order for the plant to survive the winter well and not freeze, in the fall the above-ground part is pruned to the root, leaving a rosette of basal leaves. It is advisable to mulch the planting sites with humus. You need to rake the shelter carefully in the spring, trying not to damage the rosette, which will give rise to the growth of new stems.
Protect from pests and diseases
Rudbeckia is rarely affected by flower diseases. Sometimes powdery mildew “attacks”. You can get rid of infected areas by removing branches, as well as by spraying the plant with a solution of copper sulfate.
Other pests: nematodes, leaf-eating insects are removed using special preparations, as well as folk remedies. You can use infusions of garlic, tobacco dust, and celandine. Diseased bushes are burned, and the area under them is disinfected with manganese.
Prevention of problems is timely watering, loosening and fertilizing of plantings.
By planting rudbeckia you can disguise unsightly places and abandoned corners of the garden and vegetable garden. Everyone knows the golden ball that grows in every palisade and conquers a huge area, forming a yellow, sunny blanket.
Low-growing hybrids are even planted as a border or fence. The plant looks attractive both alone and in groups.
Surrounded by other low-growing flowers, the tall rudbeckia stands out. It can be planted in the background or in the center of a mixborder.
A good combination is obtained with flowers of blue, pink, red and white. Cereal plants will also make excellent company. It is worth remembering when composing a composition that a spreading bush will grow and provide shade to its surroundings. Therefore, flowers planted nearby should not be too demanding on lighting.
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