A simple, practical step ladder. DIY wooden step ladder. How to build up an old staircase

A wooden ladder is necessary on a farm where there is no other way to climb onto the roof to clear it of snow or last year's leaves. With this device you can trim excess tree branches or collect fruits. A modern fiberglass ladder is expensive, so let’s figure out how to make a wooden ladder.

Depending on the characteristics of use and storage, ladders come in the following designs.

Requirements for ladders

In order for the staircase to look beautiful and, most importantly, to be safe, it is necessary to follow a number of rules when making it. These rules are specified in regulatory documents developed by specialists based on calculations and tests (GOST 26887-86, GOST 24258-88, POT RM-012-2000, SP 12-135-2003). The first document contains basic information, namely:

the maximum length of the extension ladder should not exceed 5 m;
at the bottom of the ladder there should be a stop in the form of a rubber overshoe or a steel pin;
Hooks must be installed in the upper part to securely fix the ladder on a vertical surface.

If the ladder will be used on a loose surface (dug up soil, sand, etc.), pads with steel pins should be secured to its lower supporting ends. They will not allow the structure to slip under load. On smooth and hard surfaces, rubber galoshes (shoes) are required. To make the ladder universal, these pads must be made removable.
Among other requirements set out in regulatory documents, it is necessary to highlight the following:

the step pitch is chosen within the range of 300-340 mm;
the step element must have a cross-section of at least 20×40 mm;
to fasten the steps between the supports (strings), grooves are made in the latter;
the bowstrings are fastened together with tie bolts in the area of the upper and lower steps, as well as every 2 m along the entire length;
the presence of transverse cracks in wood is not allowed; longitudinal cracks should not exceed 150 mm in length and 5 mm in depth.

Tests of the ladder in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents are carried out annually. To do this, each stage installed at an angle of 60-75 degrees is loaded with a load of 120 kg. A plate indicating the date of the next tests is attached to the side edge of the bowstring.

Materials used to make stairs

The choice of wood should be taken carefully. Bars with signs of rotting, with transverse cracks, large knots, cross-layers and damaged by insects are rejected. The wood should be well dried and smooth, preferably coniferous. The minimum cross-section for the bars is selected as follows:

40×50 mm – for strings of stairs up to 3 m high;
40×80 mm – for strings of stairs with a height of more than 3 m;
35x40 mm – for making steps.

All wooden staircase parts should be treated with an antiseptic.

How to connect staircase elements

There are several ways to connect the structural elements of an extension ladder.

The overhead method involves installing boards that act as steps to the load-bearing beams using self-tapping screws or nails. This is the simplest method, the disadvantage of which is that the steps are uncomfortable for the foot and the unreliability of the structure.
With insertion of steps: the beams are attached to half-tree strings in places where cuts in the wood were made specifically for this purpose.
Tenon connection: protrusions are cut out along the edges of the beams, and grooves for them are cut into the bowstrings. The connection can be made at an angle. This type of fastening is the most reliable.

Extension ladder manufacturing technology

A do-it-yourself ladder is made using the following set of tools and accessories:

Circular Saw;
chisel;
hammer;
electric plane;
Sander;
electric drill with a set of drills;
shaped screwdriver;
roulette;
carpenter's pencil;
Workbench.

Step-by-step instructions for making an extension ladder.

How to make a folding ladder

The main advantage of this design is its compactness. It can be stored in a small pantry or attic. This ladder can be used as a stepladder. To make it, in addition to the above list of devices and tools, you should add:

nylon cord (2 coils);
universal glue;
scotch;
connecting transforming mechanism (hinge);
steel bolts with nuts.

You will need planed boards 100×20 mm (for crossbars) and timber 40×40 mm.
The manufacturing technology is in many ways similar to that described above, but there are some nuances. The work sequence is as follows.

Duck step staircase

This design is convenient if the staircase is used as a stationary one. In this case, the steps are made of boards. The width of the steps is different: one part is made wide (about 300 mm), the other is made narrow (200 mm). Wide parts alternate with narrow ones along the entire length of the stairs. The crossbar is fixed with three spikes, since the width of the steps is greater than that of stairs of other designs.

In conclusion, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video tutorial on making a wooden ladder.

An extension ladder in a private house occupies an important place, since it is simply necessary for carrying out the required construction, repair and installation work. Most often you can find a metal or wooden version. The extension ladder is characterized by the fact that it has a one-piece, non-demountable structure, so its manufacture does not require any additional fasteners. That is why it is much easier to make than a folding and collapsible design.

It is quite possible to make a durable and safe wooden ladder yourself; the most important thing is to put in just a little effort and choose the right wood.

It is worth noting that it is quite possible to make a wooden staircase yourself, the most important thing is:

Select wood;
Carry out calculations;

Wood is considered a fairly simple material to process and assemble the structure, and it does not require many additional materials, just paint and varnish. With proper use and care of the product, it can last for a long time without any problems. The most commonly used wood for staircases is coniferous wood.

However, in order for it to serve for a long time, it is best to use:

Maple;
Ash.

When selecting beams, you need to take into account the fact that they must be perfectly smooth, there should be no unevenness, damage, or cracks on their surface, and you also need to make sure that the glue does not protrude. When making an extension ladder, you need to consider what dimensions it will have. If the height of the stairs is less than 3 meters, then beams with a cross-section of only 40x50 mm are suitable. If the height of the stairs is more than 3 meters, then the dimensions of the beam should be 40x80 mm. The steps can be made of wood of absolutely any species.

For steps, timber with a cross section of 35x40 mm is perfect. Before starting work on the manufacture of an extension ladder, you need to carefully treat all parts with an antiseptic, as this will help prevent the process of rotting. In addition, this will help increase the lifespan of the ladder.

How to make a wooden ladder yourself: design features

The production of a wooden ladder does not take much time, since all the required work can be carried out in the shortest possible time. When making such a structure, the most important thing is to correctly carry out all the required calculations, as well as prepare materials and tools.

In particular such as:

Self-tapping screws;
Saw;
Screwdriver;
Antiseptic;
Construction adhesive;
Roulette.

The optimal size of the structure will be 4600x500 mm, as it will be quite strong, stable and easy to use. The steps must be carefully secured in special grooves of the bowstrings. Support posts must be attached at the top and bottom, every two meters of the stairs. When making a structure, it is imperative to use special reinforcing attachments, especially if the ladder is installed in soft ground during the work. In this case, special pads equipped with pins are put on.

When assembling the stairs, you need to take into account that the bottom should be slightly wider than the top. It will be optimal if the bottom is 40 cm and the top is 30 cm. Before mounting the steps on prepared supports, you need to make preliminary markings and put numbers on the steps themselves. This will allow, if necessary, to quickly carry out repairs and replace the damaged step.

Important! Before starting all the required work, you must make a drawing, as this guarantees the reliability and strength of the structure being manufactured.

Extension ladder made independently from wood: processing and painting

Having made an extension ladder from natural wood, you must carefully process and paint the finished product.

Staircase processing is mandatory, as this allows:

Protect wood from rotting;
Increase reliability;
Increase the service period.

According to safety regulations, the use of oil paints for painting ladders is strictly prohibited. Using oil paint to paint stairs makes the steps quite slippery, which is dangerous, especially when working at heights. Instead of oil paint, it is best to use drying oil. It must be applied to the entire surface of the wood, preferably in several layers, and then, after complete drying, the product must be coated with colorless varnish. Adhesion can be significantly increased by applying a primer, which comes in several types, to the surface of the steps.

Pre-treatment and painting of wood will help avoid swelling and warping resulting from exposure to precipitation. To prevent paint from clogging the slots of the screws during processing, it is best to unscrew them, and after completing all procedures, screw them back in. The paint is very easy to apply and can be done with a brush or roller.

How wooden ladders are made: GOST

An extension ladder is needed in every private home, as it is a very convenient and practical design for climbing to great heights during construction, installation and repair work. You can purchase a ready-made staircase or make it yourself, which is quite simple and does not require much time. When manufacturing an extension ladder, it is imperative to strictly comply with all GOST standards, as well as carry out the required calculations, as this will make the structure truly reliable and safe to use.

More information about the requirements for stairs according to GOST in the article:

According to GOST standards, when manufacturing stairs, it is necessary to take into account such factors as:

Product height;
Distance between fastenings;
Coating composition.

The optimal height of the stairs should not be more than 5 meters, the angle of rise should be no more than 60 degrees. After the staircase has been manufactured, all the required tests must be carried out to ensure its reliability and the strength of all individual elements. In addition, all required tests according to existing standards must be carried out once a year.

Do-it-yourself functional wooden extension ladder: drawings (video)

Extension ladders made of wood occupy a special place in the house, as they are simply irreplaceable when performing the required work at height.

A staircase in a private household is a necessary thing. And not only the stationary one, used for interfloor movement, but also its mobile version. Portable wooden stairs for a summer residence are universal; they allow you to gain access to any high-rise object, be it an attic, a roof or the branches of tall fruit trees. The most popular portable option is a ladder, which does not have its own support. To maintain stability, its strings (vertical beams) are supported on the floor and walls (vertical object) at an angle of 60-75°. There is such a staircase in almost every yard. You do not have? Then let's get to work.

When building an extension ladder, the most important thing is to ensure its reliability and strong fixation during installation

A portable ladder has a simple design. Horizontal crossbars - steps - are attached to two vertical supports (strings) with a pitch of 25-30 cm. Before you start making a ladder, think about how long it will be. More doesn't mean better. Each additional meter makes the structure heavier, which will make it difficult to move from place to place. In any case, the permissible height of the structure is 5 m. Width is 35-60 cm.

When making stairs, special attention should be paid to attaching the rungs to the strings

What materials will be needed?

Extension ladders can be steel, aluminum or wood. At home, it is easier to use wooden blocks made from coniferous trees as raw materials (pine is especially recommended for these purposes). The wood must be free of cracks, knots, and cross-layers - otherwise the structure will be unreliable and may break at the most inopportune moment.

For the bowstring, bars with a cross section of 40x50 mm are used. The cross-section of the steps may be slightly smaller - the requirement for their strength is reduced due to their short length. So the optimal dimensions of the bars for steps in cross-section are 35x40 mm. Larger bars will make the structure heavy, thinner ones will make it fragile. In addition to wooden materials, fastening elements are in demand in the manufacture of stairs: nails, screws, metal tie rods.

Manufacturing of wooden elements

There are no difficulties in manufacturing staircase parts - the main thing is to be able to handle a saw or router. To begin with, 2 bowstrings of the same length are cut from bars with a cross-section of 40x50 mm.

Bars with a cross section of 35x40 mm are cut into pieces of 40-60 mm - these are the future crossbars-steps. Their number should ensure a step height of 25-30 cm. The corners of the bars are rounded with a plane, router or sandpaper.

Attaching steps to strings

You can connect the rungs to the vertical supports of the stairs in the following ways.

Option 1. Tongue-groove connection

This is the most reliable method of attaching crossbars to vertical strings, recommended by SNiP standards for professional construction ladders. It consists of a tenon connection. To do this, tenons must be cut at the ends of the crossbars, and grooves must be cut on the walls of the supports.

Drawing of an extension ladder: 1 - bowstrings, 2 - crossbars, 3 - tenon, 4 - groove (socket), 5 - staircase assembly

The ends of the crossbars are cut into the shape of rectangular tenons, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the bowstring. The minimum cross-section of the tenon is 15x30 mm. The most reliable are the tenons cut at an angle to the central axis of the block.

Sockets-grooves are cut out on the inner walls of the bowstrings, repeating the shape of the tenons in the crossbars. Ideally, the dimensions of the grooves should be 0.2-0.3 mm smaller than the edges of the tenons. Then the fastening will be as tight as possible. The main thing is not to overdo it with inconsistency. Otherwise, when you try to insert the tenon into the groove, the bowstring may burst. When cutting grooves, make sure that their placement on two opposite strings is strictly symmetrical. The slightest deviation - and the step will be installed unevenly, at an angle.

Next, assembly is performed. One string with the inner wall facing up is laid on a flat base. The tenons of the crossbars are inserted into its grooves with glue one by one, hammering them in with a mallet. After all the crossbars are in place, a second string is “put on” the structure. To do this, holding it at a slight angle, insert the tenon of the first crossbar half the length into the first socket. Then the bowstring is lowered and the next tenon of the second crossbar is directed into the socket. This is repeated until the staircase in the dacha is assembled with your own hands. Before installation, all spikes are lubricated with glue.

For structural reliability, it is advisable to fasten the tenon joints with nails or screws. Sometimes wooden dowels are used. They are driven into holes drilled through tenon joints.

Option #2. Fastening steps on top of supports

In this case, the steps are packed on top of the bowstring. The beam bars are placed on top of the bowstrings and secured with nails or screws.

Option #3. Installing the crossbars into the grooves on the bowstrings

You can often find such stairs, the steps of which are inserted into grooves cut on the bowstrings. The width of the grooves corresponds to the dimensions of the ends of the crossbars. With this type of assembly, the crossbars are built into grooves and secured with nails or screws.

A staircase whose steps are inserted into grooves. In the diagram: 1 - strings, 2 - steps, 3 - coupling bolts

Sockets cut out in the bowstrings somewhat reduce the strength of the entire structure. The necessary additional reinforcement is provided using tie rods with threaded ends. Their number depends on the length of the stairs. The outer studs are always located under the lower and upper steps. The rest are installed along the length of the string with a minimum step of 2 m. In other words, for a staircase 3 m long you will need 3 studs (one in the middle, two at the edges), and for a 5-meter structure - 4.

Design of the supporting parts of the stairs

Now that the staircase is assembled, it is advisable to slightly modernize the lower supporting edges. They can be left as they are - with even square sections. But in this case, they will not be able to fully touch the floor, as a result of which the stairs will be unstable. To improve reliability indicators, the supporting edges are cut at an angle.

To reduce the degree of sliding, rubber pads are placed on top of the lower end. If it is assumed that the ladder will be installed on the ground, metal spikes are attached to the lower supporting ends. They sink into the ground and securely fix the ladder at the installation site.

Beveled supporting edges will provide better grip of the stairs to the floor

Coating with waterproof compounds

For safety reasons, painting stairs with oil paints is prohibited, otherwise the steps may become slippery. It is allowed to apply several layers of drying oil to the wooden surfaces of the stairs, and then paint them with colorless varnish. This protective coating will protect the wood from swelling and warping when exposed to precipitation. Accordingly, the service life of the product will be increased and a high-quality ladder will become your reliable assistant for many years.

A home craftsman must be able to make a straight extension ladder, which is indispensable in the household. The design must meet the main requirements - safety and reliability. To create a durable staircase, you need to correctly select the components, become familiar with the technology, develop a drawing and perform the assembly. The stages of manufacturing the attached structure are described in the article.

An extension ladder is an indispensable thing in the garden

In a country house or garden, an extension ladder will be needed when performing work at height. Seasonal pruning of fruit and park trees, tinting window frames, harvesting and other activities cannot be done without gardening tools. Extension ladders are distinguished by their mobility, light weight and simplicity of design. Essentially, these are two support beams fastened together by crossbars.

In hardware stores and construction markets there is a wide range of modifications of ladders made from different materials. Buying a high-quality large-sized model is quite expensive, and the reliability of cheap stairs raises some doubts. Therefore, many home craftsmen often raise the question: “How to make an extension ladder with your own hands?”

The feasibility of independent construction is fully justified, since the scope of use of an extension ladder is quite multifaceted:

performing repair and construction work on facades;
repair of electrical wiring in a private house;
installation of electricity meters, monthly readings;
washing window glass on the first and second floors;
decoration of the facade of the house;
cleaning of drainpipes, storm drains;
performing minor repairs to roofing materials.

Despite the significant advantages, a mobile stepladder also has some disadvantages:

low load capacity - structures are not designed for loads of more than 200 kg;
a narrow support area reduces the stability of the ladder;
not very convenient to use due to the lack of railings, steep climb and thin steps.

Metal stairs are considered the most durable and durable. A simple model can be made independently. To perform the job, it is advisable to have welding skills.

Design requirements for extension ladders

The main requirement for attached models, as well as for other types of stairs, is safety. When planning the design of the stairs and performing calculations, you should adhere to a number of basic rules:

The maximum length of a ladder of this modification is 5 m. However, this limitation is relevant for wooden models. Metal stairs can be higher due to the strength of the material.
When making stairs, it is advisable to provide for the installation of special attachments: cap hooks, steel pins and rubber pads. These elements improve the stability of the structure.
The optimal step placement step is 30-35 cm, the minimum distance is 25 cm.
The span width is at least 40 cm.
Structural parts should not have sharp, raw edges or metal burrs.
In the manufacture of stepladders and retractable modifications of stairs, special locking connections are used that prevent spontaneous opening/closing of the structure.
To make it easier to move large-sized models, wheels are installed on the “support legs”. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a blocker so that during operation the ladder does not move out from under your feet.

Important! According to safety regulations, the strength characteristics of the ladder must be checked annually. The structure is installed to the wall at an angle of about 70°, and then a weight weighing at least 100-120 kg is placed on the steps one by one.

Types of ladder designs

There are several types of ladders, each of which has design and operational features.

Straight simple stairs with fixed dimensions. A simple model of two support beams and attached steps. It is very easy to make such an extension ladder with your own hands. Folding and sliding models are more functional and reliable.

Folding ladders (stepladders) consist of several parts connected by hinges. The main advantage of the model is its compactness and the ability to be stored in a compact room. Stepladders with a platform are more convenient to use than straight structures. To make a folding ladder with your own hands, aluminum alloys are usually used, which reduces the weight of the stepladder.

Folding models are most in demand when arranging attic spaces. The staircase saves space on the lower floor - just pull the bottom step or a special handle and the structure will straighten out completely.

Disadvantages of folding modifications:

complexity of design, assembly and installation;
the need to use expensive components;
low strength of a structure consisting of several elements.

Retractable ladder with height adjustment. Models consist of two or three sections, fasteners, guides, rollers and height clamps. To ensure that the ladder does not fail at the right time, the working mechanisms must be regularly lubricated.

Selecting material for making stairs

Straight stairs today are made primarily of metal, and traditional wooden structures are becoming less popular.

Distinctive features of metal ladders:

for self-production, aluminum, stainless steel or metal alloys are usually used;
high strength, resistance to moisture and mechanical damage;
aluminum does not corrode, but structures made of other metals need to be treated with protective agents;
high load capacity;
practicality and durability;
To make a metal ladder by hand, you will need experience in welding.

A wooden ladder is easy to manufacture, but is demanding in terms of storage and operating conditions. If the air is too dry, the wood will dry out, the material will weaken, and cracks may appear. Under the influence of high humidity, wooden stairs are subject to rot. To reduce the risk of structural destruction, it is necessary to regularly treat wood with protective agents.

Important! Wooden ladders can withstand loads of up to 150 kg.

When carrying out electrical installation work, sliding ladders made of fiberglass are often used - the material protects against electric shock.

Do-it-yourself ladder made from a profile pipe

Drawings of ladders

Making ladders with your own hands begins with developing a drawing. It is necessary to schematically display the main parameters of the staircase structure:

height and width;
parameters of the material used (diameter/section of metal, etc.);
stair step;
fastening type;
type of support.

As an example for creating a sketch, existing diagrams from the Internet are suitable.

DIY metal ladder: drawings of various modifications.

Attic ladders by hand: drawings and diagrams. Video

Required tools and materials

To create a simple metal staircase you will need the following materials:

profile pipe - two sections of 2.5 m each, diameter - 4 * 4 cm;
sections from a profile pipe with a length equal to the width of the stairs (30-35 cm) - 10 pcs.;
square metal plates measuring 4*4 cm - 4 pcs.;
steel corners - 20 pcs.;
primer for treating metal surfaces;
dye.

The tools you need to have on hand are:

a hacksaw or grinder;
square;
grinding machine or sandpaper;
wide, durable table for laying out design parts.

The procedure for assembling an extension ladder

Let's take a step-by-step look at how to make a ladder with your own hands. The assembly diagram is as follows:

Place metal supports on the table. Make sure that the elements are located parallel to each other at a distance of 30 cm (the width of the stairs).
Make marks for installing steps in 25 cm increments.
Weld metal corners along the marks - they will additionally secure the crossbars.
Weld two 30 cm sections to the supports from the bottom and top. The result should be a rectangular frame.
The crossbars are laid sequentially on the corners and welded with a double weld.
Weld metal plates to the ends of the supports above and below. This measure will prevent soil, debris and water from entering the supports.
Clean the weld seams with a grinder.
Prime the stairs and leave the metal until completely dry.
Cover the structure with paint, and after complete drying, apply a second coat of paint.

How to make a wooden ladder with your own hands: expert advice

When creating a straight ladder or stepladder from wood, the following points must be considered:

For work it is better to use coniferous wood. It is unacceptable to make stairs from wooden beams if they have transverse or longitudinal cracks. Bars with signs of rotting or large knots are rejected.
The choice of the minimum cross-section of the support beams depends on the height of the structure being built.
Before assembly, all wooden parts are treated with an antiseptic.
Structural elements are fastened together in one of the following ways:
- overhead method - the steps are fixed to the supports using nails and self-tapping screws; this option is considered the simplest, but not reliable enough;
- insertion of crossbars - steps are installed in samples prepared in advance in support beams;
- tenon joint - grooves are made in the bowstrings, and protrusions are made at the edges of the crossbars; fixation can be performed at an angle.

Advice. The tenon joint in wooden structures is the most durable. You can prepare the socket and tenon using a chisel, mallet or electric drill in a stand.

Safety precautions when working on a ladder

Attachable models are not self-supporting, so knowing basic safety precautions will help prevent falls and injury.

Long-term work at a height of more than 1.5 m must be carried out with a safety belt.
The ladder must not be placed on boxes, tables or other objects to increase its height. It is better to “join” two separate ladders with metal clamps. Before work, the structure must be checked with a load of 150 kg.
The safest installation angle is 60°. When placing the ladder at 75° or higher, it is advisable to secure it at the top.
To prevent slipping when climbing, the steps must be equipped with rubber pads.

On a ladder it is prohibited:

lift heavy objects;
tension electrical wires;
use large welding machines and electrical equipment;
move without holding onto the stairs;
More than 1 person can climb at the same time.

Compliance with the technology of design and operation of an extension ladder is the key to the safe performance of various works at height.

Making an extension ladder from metal profiles: video

An extension ladder is one of the indispensable items for owners of private houses. The stores offer many staircases of various designs. But if you wish, you can do the assembly yourself.

When starting production, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the recommendations of GOST 26 887, GOST 27 321 “Device for ensuring safe work performance. General requirements", GOST 27 372 "Cradles for construction and installation work".

Manufacturing Features

Step-by-step description of how to properly make a ladder with your own hands:

I.Select the type of stairs. Depending on the purpose, it can be portable or stationary. For portable stairs, it is advisable to choose a lighter material than for stationary structures.

II.What can be made from:

Metal. The lightest design will be made of aluminum, but it is quite possible to use stainless steel.
Tree. A heavier material than aluminum, but the ladder will be more stable.

Important! To avoid traumatic situations, the ladder should not be longer than 5 meters.

III.Requirements for material and design.

To the material:

Wood. For the manufacture of steps, it is necessary to use only high-quality and well-dried wood (humidity no more than 15%) from hard wood. For the manufacture of bowstrings it is not allowed: the use of wood with partially fused knots or knots sawn in half. Resin pockets damaged by machining are also not allowed. It is allowed to use only material with well-grown knots. If necessary, gluing strings from several parts is allowed, no closer than 125 mm to the base of the step. Cracks are strictly prohibited.

Important! It is prohibited to seal cracks and wood defects with sealants.

Metal. Metal parts must be cleaned of rust and coated with paint. The fasteners must be varnished.

To the design:

The steps of the stairs must cut into the stringers and be secured every 2 m with bolts of at least 8 mm. It is unacceptable to use stairs made only using nails without tightening bolts and without inserting steps into stringers. Steps must be spaced at least 300÷340 mm. The installation height of the first stage is not higher than 400mm.

For ladders longer than 3 m, two tie bolts must be installed under each step.

For reliable installation, the ladder must have:

There are rubber pads on the base of the legs for installation on slippery surfaces, or spikes on the ground.
When installing to pipes, a grip is required on the top part.
If the staircase is more than 5 meters and the installation requires an angle of more than 75°, it is necessary to provide handrail supports.

The design of the staircase should include a distance between the legs at the top of at least 300mm and at the bottom – 400mm.
The surface of a wooden staircase must be clean and well treated.
The staircase requires a mandatory protective paint coating. A wooden staircase must be soaked in hot drying oil and varnished. The use of colored paints on wooden structures is prohibited.

Important! Loose ladders must not be installed at an angle greater than 75°

After familiarizing yourself with the basic requirements for the design, you need to familiarize yourself with how to make an extension ladder with your own hands, from wood, step by step.

Execution of work

I.Develop a drawing of the staircase. Width at the top 400÷600 mm, pitch 250÷350mm.

II.Preparation of material for stairs:

Beams with a section of 40x50mm, for crossbars.
Beams with a section of 30x50, for steps.

III.Cut the beam of smaller cross-section into the required number of crossbars. In each crossbar it is necessary to make rectangular spikes for installation in the string of the stairs. The size of the tenon is limited by the width of the bowstring, the cross-section is 1.5x3 cm. The tenon can be cut in a rectangular shape or at an angle.

IV.Make markings on the stringers for installing steps. And make holes for the tenons, with a tolerance of minus 0.2÷0.3mm, for tight installation.

V.Before installing the rungs, all tenons on one side of the step must be coated with glue.

Important! Only moisture-resistant adhesives may be used.

VI.The spikes of the steps must fit tightly into the string; unsticking is not allowed, as is sealing the cracks with sealants.

VII.The steps are installed on a flat horizontal surface using the hammer hammer method. For greater reliability, it is necessary to install dowels or tightening bolts.

VIII.After installing all the steps on one string, apply glue to the tenon on the second side of the step and install the second string.

IX.Install a seal or tenon on the base of the legs.

For more details on how to make a ladder with your own hands, watch the video:

The manufacture of a staircase requires strict compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation and care during manufacturing, since a seemingly simple design, if performed incorrectly, can jeopardize human health.