DIY circuits for lm358. LM358 and LM358N datasheet, description, connection diagram. Description of operational amplifier LM358

The most popular dual channel operational amplifier is LM358, LM358N. The opamp belongs to the LM158, LM158A, LM258, LM258A, LM2904, LM2904V series. It has many switching circuits, analogues and datasheets.

The LM358 and LM358N microcircuits are identical in parameters and differ only in the housing.

You will be interested in datasheets and characteristics of other ICs. They are used in conjunction with switching stabilizers and power supplies.
  • 1. Characteristics, description
  • 2. Characteristics table.
  • 3. Pinout, pinout
  • 4. Analogue
  • 5. Typical connection circuits
  • 6. Datasheet, datasheet LM358 LM358N

Characteristics, description

The IC power supply can be unipolar from 3 to 32V. The operational amplifier operates stably at standard 3.3V. Bipolar power supply from 1.5 to 16 Volts. At the specified temperature of 0° to 70°, the characteristics remain within normal limits. If the number of degrees goes beyond these limits, a deviation of the parameters will appear.

Many people are interested in the description in Russian of the LM328N, but the datasheet is large, the main part is clear even without translation. So that you don’t look for the LM358 datasheet in Russian, I’ve compiled a table of the main parameters.

Several popular datasheets for download:

Characteristics table.

Parameter LM358, LM358N
Power, volts 3-32V
Bipolar nutrition ±1.5V to ±16V
Current consumption 0.7mA
Input offset voltage 3mV
Input compensation offset current 2nA
Input current offset 20nA
Output slew rate 0.3 V/ms
Output current 30 - 40mA
Maximum frequency 0.7 to 1.1 MHz
Differential Gain 100dB
Working temperature 0° to 70°

Microcircuits from different manufacturers may have different parameters, but everything is within normal limits. The only thing that can differ greatly is the maximum frequency: for some it is 0.7 MHz, for others it is up to 1.1 MHz. There are a lot of options for using ICs; there are about 20 of them in the documentation alone. Radio amateurs have expanded this number to more than 70 schemes.

Typical functionality from the datasheet in Russian:

  1. comparators;
  2. active RC filters;
  3. LED driver;
  4. DC summing amplifier;
  5. pulse and pulsation generator;
  6. low voltage peak voltage detector;
  7. bandpass active filter;
  8. for amplification from a photodiode;
  9. inverting and non-inverting amplifier;
  10. balanced amplifier;
  11. current stabilizer;
  12. AC inverting amplifier;
  13. DC differential amplifier;
  14. bridge current amplifier.

Pinout, pinout

Analogue

..

Great popularity is also determined by the large number of analogues of LM358 LM358N. Depending on the manufacturer, the characteristics may vary slightly, but everything is within tolerance. Before replacing, check the electrical characteristics with the manufacturer, in case it doesn’t suit you. The connection diagrams are similar. There are more than 30 analogues, I will show the first dozen that are completely similar: according to parameters:

  1. KR1040UD1
  2. KR1053UD2
  3. KR1401UD5
  4. GL358
  5. NE532
  6. OP295
  7. OP290
  8. OP221
  9. OPA2237
  10. TA75358P
  11. UPC1251C
  12. UPC358C

Typical connection diagrams

I had to look through several specifications from different factories to find the most complete one. Most are short and uninformative. To make it as clear as possible how the LM358 and LM358N connection circuits work, check out the typical connection.


Datasheet, datasheet LM358 LM358N

Scope of application indicated by manufacturers:

  1. Blu-ray players and home theaters;
  2. chemical and gas sensors;
  3. DVD recorders and players;
  4. digital multimeters;
  5. temperature sensor;
  6. engine control systems;
  7. oscilloscopes;
  8. generators;
  9. mass determination systems.

This time, full testing was not possible due to the device failure :(
It is a step-down voltage converter with an additional function of adjustable current limitation and control. This can be useful not only for charging batteries, but also for protecting against overload and short circuit.

Declared technical characteristics:
Size: 50*26*11(l*w*h) (mm)
Operating temperature: -40° to + 85°
Voltage regulation: ± 2.5% (probably meant to maintain accuracy)
Load adjustment: ± 0.5% (probably meant maintenance accuracy)
Output ripple: 20mV
Switching frequency: 300 kHz
Conversion efficiency: up to 95%
Output current: adjustable maximum 5A
Output voltage: 0.8V-30V
Input voltage: 5V-32V
Not synchronous rectification








Built on the basis of XL4005E1 from XLSEMI, which in terms of parameters compares favorably with the popular LM2596S


The dual operational amplifier LM358 contains an adjustable current limiting circuit and a comparator to indicate the end of charge.

Real schematic diagram of the device


The output voltage is adjustable from 0.8V to almost input voltage.
The accuracy of setting small voltages (less than 3V) is low - it changes too sharply when the trimmer is rotated. If high accuracy of setting low output voltages is required, you will have to replace the 10 kOhm trimmer with a lower value:
1.0kOhm - 1.4-3.5V
1.5kOhm - 1.4-5V
2.2kOhm - 1.4-7V

Output current is adjustable from 0.03A to 5.5A
A shunt based on an SMD 2512 0.05 Ohm resistor was used as a current sensor. Very often, manufacturers use a printed circuit as a shunt, which is bad form (the current floats with heating).
The input and output connections are universal - terminal block + solder contacts.
There are additional contacts for blocking the operation of the converter.

A free-standing red LED indicates operation in current limiting mode. The blue LED indicates the battery charging mode, the red LED next to it indicates the end of charge mode (current reduction to 10% of the setting).

The choke is clearly not made for this converter, because... does not pull 5A, is wound in one wire and has increased inductance (40 μH). Most likely this is a choke for the converter on LM2596S (3A 150 kHz).
The actual capacitance of the 470uF capacitors turned out to be 360uF, the ESR is quite poor at 0.10 Ohms, but the additional ceramics should help reduce output ripple.
Another feature: the voltage drop across the shunt is not compensated, i.e. the output voltage depends slightly on the load - at a maximum current of 5A, the output voltage decreases by 0.25V

Naturally, the Chinese couldn’t help but mess up the scheme :)
1. When the voltage is set to less than 1.4V, the current limiting circuit does not work correctly, because The op-amp can no longer adjust the voltage at the control input of the XL4005E1. The solution is to add a 200 ohm resistor in series with the trimmer. Also, when the output voltage is low, the blue LED stops lighting.
2. The voltage from the shunt goes to the inputs of the opamps directly without current-limiting resistors. This can lead to a short-term increase in the voltage at their inputs above 5V when the output is shorted. The solution is to add a 10kΩ resistor in the gap between the op-amp inputs and the shunt.
3. Reduce the inductance of the inductor by simply unwinding 6 turns from it.
After all the modifications, the diagram looks like this:

The test was carried out at an input voltage of 12.5V and an output voltage of 5V.
At an output current of 3A, the XL4005 warmed up to 65ºС, the choke to 91ºС, heating within acceptable limits
At an output current of 4A A, the XL4005 warmed up to 82ºС, the choke reached 106ºС, the heating was too high
At an output current of 5A, the XL4005 warmed up to 97ºС, the choke to 132ºС, all power elements quickly overheated, including even the shunt and capacitors.
After 3 minutes of such work, the current disappeared and testing had to be stopped. Well, I think it’s good, the declared thermal protection of the XL4005 worked, but after cooling the converter did not work: (The remaining elements were not affected. Apparently, it was not worth loading the converter to the maximum without an additional heatsink.
I hope this is a defect in a specific specimen and not in the entire batch.
I will repair the converter in the future as soon as the ordered microcircuits arrive.
I did not make any claims to the seller.

Conclusion: an interesting piece of hardware, but the declared current of 5A does not hold at all, you need to limit the current to no more than 2.5-3A

I'm planning to buy +95 Add to favorites I liked the review +58 +121

Many device parameters will depend on which specific LM358 connection circuit is used. This operational amplifier can be used to implement many designs that can be used without problems in microcontroller technology and even in speaker systems.

This is not a very demanding element - its performance is not stellar, its operating voltage range is also small, but it has the main qualities - simplicity and low cost. The cost of one op amp wholesale is about 15 rubles. Therefore, unsuccessful experiments with it will not hurt your pocket.

Operational Amplifier Features

The LM358 chip is widely used among radio amateurs, as it has many advantages. Among all, the following can be distinguished:

  1. Extremely low price of the item.
  2. When implementing devices on a chip, there is no need to install additional circuits for compensation.
  3. It can be powered from either a unipolar or bipolar source.
  4. Power can come from a source whose voltage is 3...32V. This allows you to use almost any power supply.
  5. At the output, the signal increases at a rate of 0.6 V/µs.
  6. The maximum current consumption does not exceed 0.7 mA.
  7. The input bias voltage is no more than 0.2 mV.

These are the key features that you need to look for when choosing this chip. If you are not satisfied with some parameter, it is better to look for analogues or similar operational amplifiers.

Microcircuit pinout

From the datasheet LM358 you can see that there are two operational amplifiers in one package. Consequently, each has two inputs and the same number of outputs. Plus two more legs are designed to supply power voltage. There are only eight pins on the microcircuit. The LM358 pinout is as follows:

1 - output DA1.1.

2 - negative input DA1.1.

3 - positive input DA1.1.

4 - “minus” power supply.

5 - positive input DA1.2.

6 - negative input DA1.2.

7 - output DA1.2.

8 - “plus” power supply for LM358.

In what packages are microcircuits produced?

The case can be either DIP8 - designation LM358N, or SO8 - LM358D. The first is intended for the implementation of volumetric installation, the second - for surface installation. The characteristics of the element do not depend on the type of housing - they are always the same. But there are many analogues of the microcircuit, whose parameters are slightly different. There are always pros and cons. Typically, if an element has a large range of operating voltages, for example, some other characteristic suffers.

There is also a metal-ceramic case, but such microcircuits are used if the device will be used in difficult conditions. In amateur radio practice, it is most convenient to use microcircuits in surface-mount packages. They solder very well, which is important when working. After all, it turns out to be much more convenient to work with elements whose legs are longer.

What analogues are there?

There are many analogues to the LM358 chip. Their connection diagram is exactly the same, but it’s still better to check the datasheet so as not to make a mistake. Among the complete analogues of the microcircuit, the following can be distinguished:

  • NE532;
  • OR221;
  • OP04;
  • OR290;
  • OPA2237;
  • UPC358C;
  • OR295;
  • TA75358R.

You can also select analogues of the LM358D element - these are UPC358G, KIA358F, TA75358CF, NE532D. There are many similar microcircuits that differ slightly from the 358. For example, LM258, LM158, LM2409 have completely similar characteristics, but the operating temperature range is slightly different.

Characteristics of analogues

From the datasheet LM358 and its analogues you can find out the following characteristics:

  1. LM158 - operates in the temperature range from -55 to +125 degrees. The supply voltage can fluctuate in the range 3...32V.
  2. LM258 - operating temperature range -25...+85, supply voltage - 3...32V.
  3. LM358 - temperature 0...+70, voltage - 3...32V.

If the temperature range 0...+70 is not enough, it makes sense to find an analogue operational amplifier. The LM2409 performs well; it has a wider range of operating temperatures. It’s just that it’s a little smaller for food. This significantly reduces the possibility of using the device in amateur radio designs. The LM358 connection circuit is the same as most of its analogues.

In the event that you need to install only one operational amplifier, you should pay attention to analogues like LMV321 or LM321. They have five pins, and only one op-amp is contained inside the SOT23-5 package. But in the event that a larger number of opamps are needed, you can use dual elements - LM324, in which the case has 14 pins. With the help of such elements you can save on space and capacitors in the power circuit.

Non-inverting amplifier circuit

Description of the scheme:

  1. A signal is sent to the positive input.
  2. Two fixed resistors R2 and R1 connected in series are connected to the output of the operational amplifier.
  3. The second resistor is connected to the common wire.
  4. The connection point of the resistors is connected to the negative input.

To calculate the gain, you need to use a simple formula: k=1+R2/R1.

If there is data on the value of resistances and input voltage, then it is easy to calculate the output: U(out)=U(in)*(1+R2/R1). When using the LM358 microcircuit and resistors R1=10 kOhm and R2=1 MOhm, the gain will be equal to 101.

Circuit of a powerful non-inverting amplifier

Elements that are used in the design of a non-inverting amplifier and their parameters:

  1. The chip used is LM358.
  2. Resistance value R1=910 kOm.
  3. R2=100 kOm.
  4. R3=91 kOm.

To amplify the signal, a semiconductor bipolar transistor VT1 is used.

In terms of voltage, the gain, provided such elements are used, is equal to 10. To calculate the gain in the general case, you need to use the following formula: k=1+R1/R2. To calculate the current coefficient of the entire circuit, you need to know the corresponding parameter of the transistor used.

Voltage-to-current converter circuit

The circuit is shown in the figure and is somewhat similar to the one described in the design of a non-inverting amplifier. But here a bipolar transistor is added. The output current is directly proportional to the voltage at the input of the operational amplifier.

And at the same time, the current strength is inversely proportional to the resistance of resistor R1. If we describe this in formulas, it looks like this:

With a resistance value of R1 = 1 Om, for every 1V of voltage applied to the input, there will be 1A of current at the output. The LM358 connection circuit in voltage-to-current converter mode is used by radio amateurs to design chargers.

Current-voltage converter circuit

With this simple design, the LM358 op amp can convert low current to high voltage. This can be described with the following formula:

If a resistor with a resistance of 1 MΩ is used in the design, and a current with a value of 1 μA flows through the circuit, then a voltage with a value of 1 V will appear at the output of the element.

Simple Differential Amplifier Circuit

This design is widely used in devices that measure voltage from sources with high resistance. A special feature that must be taken into account is that the resistance ratios R1/R2 and R4/R3 must be equal. Then the output voltage will have the following value:

U(out)=(1+R4/R3)*(Uin1-Uin2).

In this case, the gain can be calculated using the formula k=(1+R4/R3). If the resistance of all resistors is 100 kOhm, the coefficient will be equal to 2.

Gain adjustment

The previous design has one drawback - there is no way to adjust the gain. The reason is the complexity of the implementation, because you need to use two variable resistors at once. But if suddenly there is a need to adjust the coefficient, you can use a design circuit based on three op-amps:

Here the adjustment occurs using a variable resistor R2. It is necessary to take into account that the following equalities are satisfied:

  1. R3=R1.
  2. R4=R5=R6=R7.

In this case k=(1+2*R1/R2).

Amplifier output voltage U(out)=(1+2*R1/R2)*(Uin1-Uin2).

Current monitor circuit

Another circuit that allows you to measure the current value in the supply wire. It consists of a shunt resistor R1, an operational amplifier LM358, an NPN transistor and two resistors. Characteristics of elements:

  • chip DA1 - LM358;
  • resistor resistance R=0.1 Ohm;
  • resistance value R2=100 Ohm;
  • R3=1 kOhm.

The op-amp supply voltage must be at least 2 V higher than that of the load. This is a prerequisite for the functioning of the scheme.

Voltage to frequency converter circuit

This device will be required when there is a need to calculate the period or frequency of a signal.

The circuit is used as an analog-to-digital converter. Parameters of elements used in the design:

  • DA1 - LM358;
  • C1 - 0.047 µF;
  • R1=R6=100 kOhm;
  • R2=50 kOhm;
  • R3=R4=R5=51 kOhm;
  • R6=100 kOhm;
  • R7=10 kOhm.

These are all designs that can be built using an op amp. But the scope of the LM358 is not limited to this; there are a large number of much more complex circuits that allow you to implement various possibilities.

Chip LM358 in one package contains two independent low-power operational amplifiers with high gain and frequency compensation. Features low current consumption. A special feature of this amplifier is the ability to operate in circuits with unipolar power supply from 3 to 32 volts. The output is short-circuit protected.

Description of operational amplifier LM358

The scope of application is as an amplifier converter, in DC voltage conversion circuits, and in all standard circuits where operational amplifiers are used, both with unipolar and bipolar supply voltages.

LM358 Specifications

  • Unipolar power: from 3 V to 32 V.
  • Bipolar power: ± 1.5 to ± 16 V.
  • Current consumption: 0.7 mA.
  • Common mode input voltage: 3 mV.
  • Differential input voltage: 32 V.
  • Common mode input current: 20 nA.
  • Differential input current: 2 nA.
  • Differential voltage gain: 100 dB.
  • Output voltage swing: 0 V to VCC - 1.5 V.
  • Harmonic Distortion: 0.02%.
  • Maximum output slew rate: 0.6 V/µs.
  • Unity gain frequency (temperature compensated): 1.0 MHz.
  • Maximum power dissipation: 830 mW.
  • Operating temperature range: 0…70 degrees C.

Dimensions and pin assignments of LM358 (LM358N)


Analogs LM358

Below is a list of foreign and domestic analogues of the LM358 operational amplifier:

  • GL358
  • NE532
  • OP221
  • OP290
  • OP295
  • TA75358P
  • UPC358C
  • AN6561
  • CA358E
  • HA17904
  • KR1040UD1 (domestic analogue)
  • KR1053UD2 (domestic analogue)
  • KR1401UD5 (domestic analogue)

Examples of application (connection circuit) of the LM358 amplifier

Simple non-inverting amplifier

Comparator with hysteresis

Let us assume that the potential supplied to the inverting input gradually increases. When its level reaches just above the reference (Vh -Vref), a high logic level will appear at the output. If after this the input potential begins to slowly decrease, the comparator output will switch to a low logic level at a value slightly below the reference (Vref - Vl). In this example, the difference between (Vh -Vref) and (Vref – Vl) will be the hysteresis value.

Sine Wave Generator with Wien Bridge

Wien bridge oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator that generates sinusoidal waves. It can generate a wide range of frequencies. The generator is based on a bridge circuit originally developed by Max Wien in 1891. The classic Wien oscillator consists of four resistors and two capacitors. The oscillator can also be thought of as a forward amplifier combined with a bandpass filter that provides positive feedback.

Differential amplifier on LM358

The purpose of this circuit is to amplify the difference between two incoming signals, with each of them multiplied by a certain constant value.

A differential amplifier is a well-known electrical circuit used to amplify the voltage difference between 2 signals received at its inputs. In the theoretical model of a differential amplifier, the magnitude of the output signal does not depend on the magnitude of each individual input signal, but depends strictly on their difference.

When configuring all kinds of radio-electronic devices, it often happens that you need a power supply that has the function of smoothly adjusting both the output voltage and the overload current value.

Power supply overload protection

In most simple blocks, it is implemented power supply overload protection only when the maximum load current is exceeded. Such electronic protection is primarily intended for the power supply itself, and not for the load connected to it.

For reliable operation of both the power supply and the electronic device connected to it, it is desirable to be able to change the current protection threshold within wide limits, and when the protection is triggered, the connected load must be de-energized.

The circuit presented in this article is another option that allows for smooth adjustment of all the parameters listed above.

Description of the operation of the regulated power supply

(DA1.1) an adjustable voltage stabilizer is built. From pin R2 to its direct input (pin 3) there is a reference voltage, the value of which is set by the zener diode VD1, and the inverse input (pin 2) receives the OOS potential from the emitter of transistor VT1 through the resistor voltage divider R10 and R7.

Negative feedback creates a voltage balance at both inputs of the LM358 op-amp, compensating for the effects of destabilizing causes. By rotating the knob of potentiometer R2, the output voltage of the power supply is changed.

The overcurrent protection unit is built on the second operational amplifier DA1.2, which is part of the LM358 chip, which is used in this circuit as a comparator. The voltage from the load current sensor (resistance R13) is supplied to its direct input through resistance R14, and the reference voltage is supplied to the inverse input, the constancy of which is ensured by diode VD2.

As long as the voltage drop generated by the load current across resistance R13 is below the reference, the potential at output 7 of the operational amplifier DA1.2 is practically zero. If the load current exceeds the permissible value, the potential at the DA1.2 output will increase to the supply voltage. As a result, a current will flow through resistance R9, which will open transistor VT2 and light up LED HL1. Diode VD3 begins to pass current and shunts the PIC electrical circuit through resistance R11. Transistor VT2 connects resistance R12 in parallel with zener diode VD1, and as a result, the voltage at the output of the power supply is reduced to virtually zero due to the closure of transistor VT1.

It is possible to reconnect the load by briefly turning off the mains power or by pressing the SA1 button. To protect transistor VT1 from reverse voltage coming from capacitor C5, which occurs when the load is disconnected from the power supply, a diode VD4 is added to the circuit.

Power supply parts

Transistor VT2 can be changed to . Transistor VT1 can be replaced with any one from the KT827, KT829 series. Diodes VD2 - VD4 can be used KD522B. Resistance R13 can be assembled from three parallel-connected MLT-1 resistors with a resistance of 1 Ohm each. Zener diode VD1 is any with a stabilization voltage of 7...8 volts and a current of 3 to 8 mA. Containers SZ, C4 are arbitrary film or ceramic. Electrolytic capacitors: C1 - K50-18 or similar foreign, others - grade K50-35. Button SA1 without fixation.

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