Ammi major is an annual herbaceous plant with a taproot, bare stem and many pinnately dissected leaves. In the wild, ammi grows in the Mediterranean Sea. In Russia it is grown in the Krasnodar region.
Growing large ammi begins with sowing its seeds. Seed germination is observed at 6 - 8°. Elevated temperatures (up to 20 - 30°) with sufficient soil moisture do not have a negative effect on their germination. Sowing dry seeds gives vigorous germination. However, stratification for 20 - 30 days accelerates the emergence of seedlings by 2 - 3 days and slightly increases the seed yield. Under favorable meteorological conditions, mass shoots appear in 12 - 15 days. Young plants grow slowly before the stemming phase. The beginning of seed ripening is observed after 110 - 115 days. The growing season lasts 113 - 130 days.
At the beginning of plant growth, their moisture needs are usually high. Increased soil and especially air humidity during the flowering period somewhat reduces seed yield. At the same time, the plants are very resistant to soil drought. The seedlings tolerate temperature drops and even frosts down to -6°. In the Kuban conditions, plants can overwinter in the rosette phase; Moreover, the seeds on them ripen much earlier than on spring-sown plants. Ammi is a very light-loving crop. Good lighting helps to increase its productivity during cultivation.
Soil and predecessors.
Ammi is relatively undemanding in cultivation. It gives the best results when grown from seeds on chernozem soils that are moderately moistened during the growing season. It is strictly forbidden to sow it on soils contaminated with dodder. The best predecessors are early ripening crops, after which it is possible to process the soil as a semi-fallow, that is, winter and spring grains, early vegetables, fodder crops for green fodder or silage, and medicinal crops - oil poppy and Dalmatian chamomile of the last year of use.
Tilling the soil before growing a plant.
Tillage should begin immediately after harvesting the previous crops. The first technique is to hoe the field with plowshares to a depth of 8 - 10 cm. After the weeds have grown, the soil needs to be plowed to a depth of about 25 cm. Then, as the plants sprout, the area is cleared of weeds, cultivating 1-2 times with harrowing.
Soil treatment before sowing for growing large ammi consists of 2-fold harrowing in early spring. On compacted soils and floating areas, it is advisable to carry out cultivation to a depth of 8 - 10 cm, followed by harrowing. If there is a lack of moisture in the soil, roll it down before sowing.
Fertilizing the soil.
For deep plowing, 2.5 quintals of ammonium sulfate or 0.8 quintals of potassium chloride and 3.5 quintals of superphosphate and 1.5 quintals of ammonium nitrate should be applied to each hectare as the main fertilizer. Fertilizers can be applied during plowing and pre-sowing cultivation. For pre-sowing cultivation - 0.5 quintals of potassium chloride and 3 quintals of superphosphate and 1 quintal of ammonium nitrate per 1 ha. When growing, Ammi is especially sensitive to phosphorus fertilizer during the initial growth period. Adding granular superphosphate to the rows along with the seeds gives good results.
When superphosphate is added to the rows, the number of seedlings increases, the seed yield increases by 30 - 37%, and plant growth increases. Increasing the dose of superphosphate to 50 kg per 1 ha compared to a dose of 25 kg does not produce a significant effect.
For better development of the vegetative mass in the phase of 4 - 6 true leaves of the plant, it is advisable to feed 1 kg of ammonium nitrate per 1 ha. Nitrogen fertilizing is applied by cultivators - plant feeders to a depth of 10 - 12 cm with soil moisture not lower than 20%. It is not recommended to apply fertilizer to dry soil.
Sowing.
Greater ammi seeds are sown early in the spring and, less often, before winter, using vegetable seeders with disc coulters equipped with limiters. Sowing method - row with row spacing of 45 cm. The seed sowing rate per 1 ha is 4 - 5 kg. They are planted no deeper than 3 cm. Stratification for 30 - 90 days increases the fruit yield by 10%. Before sowing, stratified seeds are dried to a free-flowing state and separated from the sand on sieves. Good results can be obtained by soaking the seeds before sowing. If you sow unprepared seeds, then mass shoots should be expected after about 15 days, stratified seeds - 2 days earlier.
Before winter, large ammi is sown in late autumn, and in the south of the territory - at the beginning of winter, so that the seeds do not have time to sprout before spring. In this case, the seed sowing rate should be increased to 5 - 6 kg per 1 ha. In this case, the planting depth is reduced to 1 - 1.5 cm. This is especially important when sowing on soils prone to flooding. When sowing seeds before winter, lettuce or mustard seeds are added to them (about 50 g per 1 ha).
Sowing care.
Before the emergence of shoots on the crops, the large ammi, especially winter ones, destroy the soil crust and destroy early weeds with light harrows or rotary hoes, which are launched across the rows.
After the emergence of mass shoots of ammi, in order to destroy weeds in the inter-rows, the plots are cultivated with mounted or trailed cultivators with a set of razor and pointed tines. Within the protective zones and in the row itself, weed seedlings are destroyed using a weeding harrow, which is used to cultivate the fields across the rows. After such treatment, further cultivation of the plant occurs with significantly reduced labor costs for manual weeding. During the growing season, 3 - 4 cultivations are usually carried out, 1 - 2 weedings with a mounted harrow and 1 - 2 manually.
When growing ammi, it is important to do bouquets. It is started before the first manual weeding, when the plants are still in the phase of 1 - 2 true leaves. If the first weeding is carried out later (in non-infested areas), then the bouquet dates can be moved forward. Bouquets give the best results with bouquets and cutouts of 25 - 30 cm.
When bouqueting, the yield increases on thickened crops, where by 1 linear. m row there are up to 120 seedlings. In crops with less density, the yield is somewhat reduced, but even in this case, bouquets are economically justified, since they reduce labor costs for weeding.
Harvest.
The medicinal raw materials of ammi major are ripe fruits (seeds). Their ripening in umbrellas occurs very unevenly. The seeds in the central umbels ripen first, which usually appear earlier and bloom earlier. They produce the largest seeds with good sowing qualities. The last to ripen are the smallest umbrellas, containing predominantly underdeveloped seeds. In this regard, harvesting must be timed to coincide with the mass maturation of the largest and medium-sized umbrellas, which constitute on average 50 - 60% of the total number on plants. The ripening and browning of the main umbrellas is accompanied by gradual drying of the leaves and yellowing of the stems.
The crop is harvested by direct harvesting. It is best to use a self-propelled harvester SK-3 for harvesting. To prevent possible losses of seeds, it is necessary to significantly reduce the flow of air from the fan using adjustable dampers, seal all the cracks in inspection hatches, elevator head covers, in the dampers of the grain auger and bunker, and tie a grain catcher made of canvas or burlap under the bottom of the combine. The seeds obtained after combine harvesting are dried and finally cleaned using grain cleaning machines.
It is advisable to thresh the straw that remains after harvesting and contains a certain amount of unthreshed and immature umbels 2 - 4 days after drying. At the same time, about 0.5 - 0.6 centners of seeds can be obtained from each hectare.
Harvesting fruits for seed purposes is best done selectively, manually. In this case, you need to remove the largest umbrellas with well-ripened seeds. Depending on the meteorological conditions of the year, the average yield of large ammi seeds is 10 - 12 c/ha.
The ammi plant has been known since ancient times; it is also mentioned in biblical stories. However, previously this crop was perceived as a weed due to its unpretentiousness to the soil. She grew literally everywhere. Ammi major or its variety, Ammi odontidae, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family, were often mistaken for weeds. In Israel, it was even found in vineyards. The plant spread quite quickly even on uncultivated lands, in places where people did not care for the soil.
Plant from legend
One of the legends tells how this unusually beautiful and unique in its properties plant appeared. One day the goddess Isis saw her son Horus lifeless; he was terribly weak. The boy was on the verge of death, and the mother called other gods in anticipation of help. The goddess constantly shed tears of despair, she was very much afraid of losing her beloved son and God Horus. And where her tears fell, flowers grew.
Thanks to her intuition, she picked them and made an infusion, after which her son quickly became stronger and returned to normal.
Later, this legend played a role in the widespread dissemination and use of this “weed” for the treatment of many ailments. Its healing properties were gaining popularity among people. This was accompanied by the widespread use of ammi. People have already begun to relate to this plant differently, identifying its unique and beneficial properties.
Ammi large has a relative - a variety called Ammi tooth. It was used to feed livestock, due to the fact that the plant has a high calorie content, the animals gained weight very quickly and this helped people feed not only themselves and their families, but also sell the finished product.
Ammi's healing merits
From the times of Ancient Egypt to the present day, ammi has not lost its medical purpose. Today, Ammi major and dental are specially grown for the purpose of using their amazingly powerful medicinal properties.
Read also: Description of the annual delphinium: reproduction and care features
The fruits are consumed for abdominal discomfort, colic, and pain when urinating. Its beneficial qualities do not end there; previously it was used as an inhaler for colds and the treatment of leukoderma; now this method of treating colds has not been forgotten and its use is encouraged.
When treating with ammi, you should be careful, as this plant has the ability to irritate the cells of the kidneys, liver and stomach walls.
Furanocoumarins included in its composition have a urinary, sedative and choleretic effect, tone the intestinal tract and uterus.
Diseases that the plant treats
Experience that has come to us from past centuries indicates that Ammi copes well with diseases such as:
- psoriasis;
- lichen planus;
- vitiligo;
- profuse hair loss.
In ancient times, Arab doctors used Ammi major seeds to treat leukoderma and other skin diseases. Traditional healers still use seeds from the inflorescences of the plant.
Having prepared the decoction, it is given to the patient to drink, and the diseased areas of the body are exposed to the sun. But in order to do such a procedure, you must have special knowledge and experience, otherwise it may lead to the opposite effect.
Attention! Ammi also has contraindications for use
If you have advanced kidney problems, then you should refuse treatment with ammi major. People with diabetes, blood diseases or nervous system disorders, tuberculosis or a tumor (benign or malignant) should also be careful when using it.
Pregnant women and women should not take it during locating either. If you have at least one of these contraindications, it is better to look for other methods of treating the disease.
Use in modern pharmacology
Now this plant is grown on large plantations for medicinal purposes. Huge areas of the southern regions are planted annually for the further production of pharmaceuticals.
Ammifurin was extracted from ammi - a yellow crystalline powder with a bitter taste. It is available in tablets and bottles. Thanks to this component, patients with psoriasis, after undergoing a course of treatment, can forget about constant itching, they gradually reduce the number of rashes and the severity of the disease. Vitiligo disease gradually stops under photochemistry, a pigment is produced that contributes to the disappearance of white spots.
Note!
Ammi major during treatment can cause nausea, headaches, increased heart rate, and dizziness. Symptoms disappear after discontinuation of the drug.
Ammi dental - healing power from Ancient Egypt
Ammi odorant is in some way different from ammi major, although it has similar leaves and umbrella inflorescences in appearance and can also reach a height of 100 cm. It has an unpleasant odor.
This species is biennial and its fruits are not used for medicinal purposes in modern medicine. It is widespread in Southern Europe, Asia and North Africa; you can also find it in the Caucasus.
Ammi tootha is toxic, but despite this, it has a wider range of applications in folk medicine. Healers use tinctures of ammi dentifrice seeds as a powerful medicine for angina pectoris, migraines, asthma, hypertension, various painful sensations in the abdominal area, and are also used as a sedative.
Read also: Proper care of delphinium after flowering
Decoctions made from ammonium tartar help reduce the tone of blood vessels, the bladder, and also dilate the bronchi. The decoction enters the bloodstream within 15 minutes after administration.
Due to the fact that preparations and infusions from Ammi dental seeds have low toxicity, they are used more widely, but in some cases they can still cause side effects. If after use you feel drowsiness, dizziness, a rash or stomach problems, you should stop treatment with this plant.
We grow ammi on our site
Ammi dentifrice is not picky about soil; it can be grown on any soil, with the exception of flooded lowlands and dodder-infested fields.
- Before planting, the soil must be cleared of previous fruits. The stubble is peeled to a depth of approximately 8–10 cm. After the weeds germinate, plowing occurs to a depth of 20–25 cm, after which the soil needs to be cultivated and harrowed a couple of times. Before sowing the seeds, the soil is harrowed again.
- Fertilizers are applied during the main plowing or carried out for spring cultivation.
Ammi dentis propagates by sowing seeds, which are best sown in the spring, to a depth of 2 - 3 cm (spring planting), 1 - 1.5 cm (winter planting). The first shoots appear after two weeks. Flowering begins after about four months.
The plant will delight you with its flowering from July until frost. If you grow seedlings, flowering will begin much earlier.
Ammi big , like Ammi tootha, after flowering it forms very beautiful decorative fruits, so umbrellas should not be removed after flowering.
Actions that will have a beneficial effect on growth:
- the flower grows better in direct sunlight or partial shade, so it is better to place the plant in a sunny place;
- the ground must have a reliable drainage layer;
- seedlings need to be fed with mineral fertilizers twice;
- during the growth period, especially during intense heat, it requires moderate but regular watering;
- loosening the soil is encouraged.
Difficulties that may arise during cultivation:
- if the seeds are planted in lowlands, the plant may die from excess water. In this case, you need to water after the soil dries;
- in low light, flowering becomes depleted; high humidity can also cause the same effect;
- With a lack of space, the dental ammonia weakens and becomes smaller.
Annual or biennial umbellate flowers, which look very similar to dill, are often grown in culture as annuals. This Mediterranean plant is cultivated in most of Europe, the Near and Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and Azerbaijan. The most famous species are ammi major and ammi dental. Ammi has medicinal properties. The fruits that ripen in August–September are collected for medicinal purposes. Ammi is a good honey plant, which is specially sown near bee hives.
Ammi large (Chinese cumin)– annual or biennial plant up to 50 cm high. Blooms from late June to September. Umbrellas reach up to 10 cm in diameter. The flowers are white. The harvest is harvested in September. In nature, large ammi can be found on sandy, dry slopes.
Ammi dental (Visnaga) is a biennial plant, but is grown in gardens as an annual plant up to 1 m high. It blooms from June to August. The flowers smell unpleasant. The fruits ripen in August – September. Medicinal plant. Flower color: white.
For decorative purposes, ammi is often used as an addition to bouquets. The plant looks beautiful not only during the flowering period, but also during the ripening period of the seeds.
Ammi cultivation. The plant needs the most sunny location and regular abundant watering. Grows well in sandy soils, but is not picky about the soil type.
Height: 50 - 100 cm.
Location: sunny.
Flowering: July - September.
Flower color: white.
Reproduction: by stratified seeds in spring or by sowing regular seeds in the ground in late autumn. You can sow seedlings in early spring, then the plant will bloom earlier.
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Hello everyone who looked at my review. I want to start with a small but nice gift) This summer bouquet of flowers is for you! My little bouquet of flowers and dried flowers from my garden)
I love unusual plants, so when I saw a pack of Ammi Vulcan seeds I bought it without hesitation. But I'll be honest did not expect! I didn't expect such beauty) This beauty cannot be expressed in words, nor can it be described with a pen))) A gigantic white “dill” that continuously springs from the slightest breeze. Snow-white lush hemispheres are very unusual and beautiful, both in a flower garden and in a bouquet.
Ammi is a spice, medicinal and decorative crop. Decoctions and infusions of seeds and herbs are used for skin diseases (psoriasis, vitiligo and mycosis).
I grow it only as an ornamental among gladioli.
Which I really regret, Ammi deserves a better place. The height is 80-120 cm, allowing it to harmonize with garden plants. White air umbrellas are very decorative. The flower is biennial, so next year it will show itself in all its glory)
I didn’t bother with planting; at the end of May I sowed it directly into the ground among the gladioli.
Germination is 100%, no maintenance or watering required. As they say, set it and forget it)
I purchased the seeds at a local garden store, the cost was 14 rubles. Inexpensive for such beauty)
I really like Ammi in flower bouquets, an airy cloud) And very decorative! By cutting off large umbrellas for a bouquet of flowers, the plant gradually ripens new ones. So the decor is always ready)
Initially, it is believed that ammi appeared in the southern regions of Europe and the Mediterranean coast of Africa and Asia.
The inflorescences of the Ammi plant themselves are very delicate and resemble in shape something lacy along with something from the inflorescences of dill and its umbrellas. At the same time, the stems and leaves of ammi are fundamentally different from the same stems and leaves of dill. This is one of the best plants that are commonly used to give bouquets the fullness and richness of cut flowers. A similar effect is generated by ammi in the process of growing in a flower garden - the composition will absolutely always be both airy and voluminous at the same time. Plants evolve extremely slowly—up to four months can pass from the time a plant’s seeds are sown to the time of flowering. The first umbrellas against the general background of patterned greenery usually appear at the end of the month of July, but they can last for a very long time - almost until September. Before the flowers themselves appear, the ammi plant looks very unattractive, although, according to many florists, its leaves are very decorative. When planting this annual plant, it is very important to remember that its bushes can grow up to a length of one meter and form many different shoots. As a result, to plant this plant, the gardener will need a fairly large space where this plant could continue to develop.
In order for the moment of flowering to finally come faster, ammi should and is recommended to be sown indoors in winter or, in extreme cases, at the very beginning of spring (March). In May, young plants need to be planted in a more permanent place, without damaging the roots. To do this, it is necessary to remove the seedlings from the pots simultaneously with the entire root ball. Even though these units will bloom much earlier than those that were sown with seeds in uncovered soil, they will also establish inflorescences before the onset of autumn. Everything about Ammi is decorative. Both the flowers and its fruits, therefore, umbrellas with green-yellow seeds do not need to be removed from the plants. Ammi large can develop normally only when there is a lot of sun and when it has abundant watering.
Ammi viznaga- (encyclopedic name Ammi visnaga)
Ammi viznaga in Southern Europe, as well as Western Europe, was better known as a weed plant growing in fields around crops and in desert areas, but in the countries of the Middle East its use was limited to medical purposes.
All types of the ammi plant are more like dill, but for the viznaga ammi this is especially immanent. During spring, plants of this species form a thick clump of very finely chopped leaves, which differ from the notorious dill in that only their width is slightly larger. However, in the garden these plants can be up to eighty centimeters in length. They bloom in July. This ornamental plant is no less popular than the large ammi and is widely used for decorative purposes. Only, unlike the big ammi, it is less demanding.
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