In order to ensure maximum safety for people working in hazardous areas, there is the development and technology of a number of norms and rules that everyone, without exception, must strictly observe. These rules are studied and repeated in classes on electrical safety and labor protection, written down in handouts, and posted for reference and guidance as a visual aid. Electrical installations are considered one of the most dangerous areas of activity.
Electrical safety signs: what are they?
The use of safety posters and signs in electrical installations is, of course, associated with the need to ensure that operations with switching devices are prohibited (turning them on or off) so that no one accidentally applies voltage to it when the electrical equipment is operating.
Posters and signs such as "lightning bolts" posted in open areas warn of the dangers associated with approaching or working on equipment. Electrical safety posters are:
- Prohibiting;
- Warning;
- Prescriptive;
- Pointing.
According to the type and nature of application, electrical safety icons and plates used in electrical panels are divided into portable and stationary.
Electrical safety prohibition posters
Electrical safety prohibition posters are used to indicate the prohibition of various types of actions, so that while working on electrical equipment, voltage is not accidentally connected to it.
Electrical safety signs are designated as follows:
- “Work under voltage, do not turn it on again!” – this sign prohibits erroneous re-starting manually without agreement with the work coordinator after their automatic shutdown. These posters are hung on the control keys of overhead line switches during the period of performing repair work under voltage. The plate is bordered by a 5 mm red stripe. The inscription is written on a white background in red letters.
- "Do not turn on! People are working” is a portable poster prohibiting the supply of high voltage to the line. It should be posted on keys, buttons and control drives of switching devices, when turned on, voltage is supplied to the line. According to the standards, it is used for electrical installations up to 1000V and higher. The sign is bordered by a red stripe measuring 10 and 5 mm. The text should be written on a white background in red letters.
- "Do not turn on! Work on the line" is one of the portable posters prohibiting the supply of voltage to the line. It is also hung on drives and control keys in switching devices, where switching on can supply voltage to the line. The poster dimensions can be made in two versions - 200x100 and 100x50 mm. The inscription, as in all prohibitory posters, is made in white text located on a scarlet background.
- "Do not open! People are working” is a type of prohibitory poster that must be hung on latches and metal valves that shut off the air supply to the pneumatic switching device; if opened by mistake, the device where the electricians are working turns on.
Also, a poster with this inscription is hung on pipelines or gas cylinders, the opening of which will lead to injury to working people. This prohibiting type of poster is classified as portable.
Warning posters and safety signs used in industrial electrical installations
Warning posters, like all signs that are not prohibitory, carry some information, thereby warning people about something. Warning posters are intended to alert the electrician to the danger of approaching unsafe parts.
Warnings include:
- “Stop! voltage". The signal warns of the possible danger of approaching unsafe current-carrying parts of electrical installations that are under high voltage. It is used where there is an electrical panel, it comes with a voltage of 1000 V or more. The dimensions of the poster are 300x150 mm. It depicts a red arrow, which is made in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. The red border is 15 mm wide. The text is written on a white background in black letters.
- “Don’t get in! will kill” - slogans with a skull warn of a person approaching live parts when climbing a structure. The “do not climb” warning sign has a red arrow. The size of the badge is 300x150 mm. The red border is 15 mm wide. The inscription is made in black letters. The background is white.
- “The test is life-threatening.” The application warns those approaching about the danger of electric shock when performing tests on high-voltage installations. Such signs are posted on workplace fences while high-voltage tests are being carried out. The dimensions of this sign are 300x150 mm.
- “Dangerous electric field” - this poster warns of the possibility of traumatic effects of an electric field on personnel servicing an electrical installation, and prohibits the movement of workers without the use of protective equipment. They are installed in outdoor switchgear, where the voltage is more than 330 kV at a height of 150 - 200 cm on the fence of areas, where the electric field strength is more than 15 kV/m. Poster dimensions: 100x200 mm. The width of the scarlet edging is 10 mm. The text is written on a white background in scarlet letters.
- "Carefully! “electric voltage” is an electrical hazard warning board in a triangle that warns of the danger of exposure to electricity. It is hung in electrical installations of all classes and subclasses of substations and power plants, as well as in everyday life. The sign is made in the form of an equilateral triangle with sides of 300 mm. Placed on the doors of the required premises. The border and arrow should be black, the background should be yellow.
This sign can also be applied with black paint to concrete surfaces using a stencil.
Prescriptive and indicative types of electrical safety posters: classification of inscriptions
Signs belonging to the prescriptive group are used to indicate to personnel workplaces in electrical installations and safe paths to them. The rules for using these posters must be followed by all employees without exception.
The set and types of mandatory signs are of the following content and design:
- "WORK HERE." This sign indicates a safe workplace. The size of such a prescriptive poster is 10x10 dm, or 250x250 mm. It should look like a white square, and have sides of 8 or 20 mm, respectively, and a blue background. The inscription is written in black letters in a square. The poster is in a portable format.
- "GET IN HERE." This sign is also prescriptive and is used if the work site is located at a height. The sign indicates a safe route to enter the work site. It is made in the form of a white square, has sides of 8 or 20 dm, the inscription is located inside the square, written in black letters on a blue background.
In addition to those listed, there are also signs that belong to the index. “GROUNDED” – lets you know that a certain section of the electrical installation is not grounded, and that it is not permissible to apply voltage to it. If the use of an information poster coincides with the need to apply a prohibitory sign, the information poster is hung on top of the prohibition sign. Stand dimensions – 200x100mm or 100x50mm. The white border has a width of 13 and 5 mm. The text is written on a blue background in white letters.
Types of electrical safety posters (video)
Electricity plays a huge role in our lives. Today we can’t even imagine how we would live without her. But, in addition to benefits, electric current can also cause harm. That is why any instructions for using an electrical appliance must be read from cover to cover, and drawings and pictures on the topic of electrical safety should accompany not only schoolchildren, but also children in the garden from the first years of life. You can even print out this drawing at home, or make them self-adhesive, and teach your child to recognize them correctly.
The use of safety signs and posters in electrical installations is associated with the need to ensure that operations with switching devices are prohibited (turning them on or off) so that during the operation of electrical equipment no one accidentally applies voltage to it.
Posters and signs warn of the dangers associated with approaching energized equipment. Safety posters may also identify the workplace.
According to their purpose, safety posters and signs are divided into:
- - prohibiting;
- - warning;
- - prescriptive;
- - pointing.
Depending on the nature of their application, electrical safety posters and signs are portable and stationary (permanent).
Prohibition posters
Prohibition posters are used to prohibit actions with switching devices (turning on/off) so that when working on electrical equipment, voltage is not mistakenly applied to it.
“Work under tension. Do not turn it on again!”- this sign prohibits manual re-closing of overhead line switches without the approval of the work manager after they have been automatically switched off. Such posters are hung on the control keys of overhead line switches when repair work is carried out under voltage.
"Dangerous! Electric field! Passage is prohibited without protective equipment."- a poster warning of the possibility of dangerous effects of an electric field on service personnel, and also prohibits the movement of people without the use of protective equipment. Installed in outdoor switchgear in which the voltage exceeds 330 kV at a height of 180 cm on the fences of areas where the electric field strength exceeds 15 kV/m.
"Do not turn on. People are working"- a portable poster prohibiting the supply of voltage to the line. Must be posted on keys, buttons and control drives of switching devices, when turned on, voltage can be supplied to the line. Suitable for electrical installations up to 1000 V and higher.
"Do not turn on! Work on the line"- a portable poster prohibiting the supply of voltage to the line. It is hung on the keys and control drives of switching devices, the activation of which can supply voltage to the line.
Warning posters
Warning posters warn against approaching dangerous distances from live parts.
“Stop! Voltage"- warns about the danger of approaching live parts of electrical installations that are energized. The poster is used in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V and above.
“Don’t get in! Will kill"- this poster warns of the possibility of approaching live parts when climbing a structure.
"Trial! Life threatening"- the poster warns of the danger of electric shock when conducting high-voltage tests. Such signs are posted on the fences of workplaces during high-voltage tests.
"Carefully! Electrical voltage"- a sign warning of the danger of electric shock. It is hung in electrical installations of any class and subclass of substations and power plants.
Prescriptive posters
Prescriptive posters are used to indicate workplaces (locations of work) in electrical installations, as well as safe approaches to them.
"Work here"- indicates the workplace.
"Getting in here"- used when the workplace is located at a height, indicates a safe way to climb to the workplace
Pointing poster
"Grounded"- indicates that a certain section of the electrical installation is grounded and that it is inadmissible to supply voltage to it. It is hung on the drives of switching devices. If directional and prohibitory posters are used at the same time, the directional poster is hung on top of the prohibition ones.
When repairing, adjusting or installing electrical installations, it is very important to use special posters and electrical safety signs. They are designed to prohibit actions related to turning on or off devices, which in turn are used to supply/disconnect voltage. In simple words, various kinds of signs notify personnel that work is taking place in a certain area, so touching buttons, switches and machines is strictly prohibited. In addition, posters and safety signs used in electrical installations can be used to inform that a person is approaching a live object, or to indicate the workplace. In this article we will look at what types of posters and signs in electrical engineering there are, where they are used and what requirements apply to the places where they are installed.
Prohibiting
So, prohibitory signs and posters in electrical installations include the following:
This entire list of posters is prohibitive and is used in the electric power industry. Please note that the products can be portable or stationary (installed once). An important requirement is that safety signs and posters must be made from electrical insulating materials. Metal plates may only be used if they are permanent and located at a sufficient distance according to the requirements from elements that may be energized.
Warning
Warning signs and posters are used to inform a person about approaching an area that is energized. This type of safety signs includes:
Prescriptive
This type of safety posters and signs are designed to indicate the location of work in electrical installations, as well as the safe approach to it. The kit includes:
Pointing
The only instructional poster is “Grounded,” which indicates that the electrical installation is grounded and no voltage must be applied to it. Installation location – drive of switching devices. If a prohibition sign and an instruction sign are used at the same time, the latter must be posted in the foreground. 
So we have provided posters and safety signs used in electrical installations. Please note that it is allowed to increase the size of the plates when installing them on large equipment. In this case, the magnification must be done in a ratio of 2:1, 4:1 or even 6:1. You can get additional information about sizes in SO 153-34.03.603-2003. We hope you now know what types of electrical posters and signs are divided into, and what are the conditions of use for each classification.
Warning posters in electrical installations are intended for:
to warn both personnel servicing electrical installations and strangers about the danger of approaching equipment and parts of electrical installations that are energized,
to prohibit operations with switching devices if they can supply voltage to the equipment on which people work,
to indicate the place prepared for work,
to remind you of the safety measures taken.
In accordance with their purpose, posters in electrical installations are divided into:
warning,
prohibiting,
permissive,
reminiscent.
Depending on the nature of their use, posters can be permanent or stationary (posters are mounted on a structure, structure, equipment) or portable (posters are carried and installed as needed on various equipment).
Permanent signs in electrical installations are made of sheet steel or plastic materials and must be weather-resistant and not require replacement for as long as possible. The surface of the posters is covered with enamel paint, which is used to create both the background and the design and inscriptions on the poster.
Portable posters are made of insulating or poorly conductive material (plastic, cardboard, wood) because they are mounted directly on the equipment and can accidentally come into contact with live parts.
Portable posters are equipped with devices for securing them at the installation site.
Warning posters in electrical installations
Poster "High voltage - dangerous to life". This poster is used only in permanent form and is hung or applied on the outside of the doors of switchgears, chambers of switches and transformers, as well as on mesh or blind fences of live parts with voltages above 1000 V, located in production premises, excluding switchgear rooms.
Poster "Live - Dangerous to Life". The poster is used as a permanent poster and is hung on the doors of electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, on switchboard fences with voltages up to 1000 V, etc.
Poster "Stop - High Voltage". It is used as a portable device and is hung in closed distribution devices on permanent fencing of cells adjacent to and opposite the work site, as well as on temporary fencing panels. In open switchgears, it is hung on rope fences (when working at ground level) and on the switchgear structures around the workplace to close the path along the crossbars and portals to neighboring cells.
In addition, a poster is hung at the ends of the cable when testing it with high voltage.
Poster "Stop - Danger to Life". It is used as a portable device in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, and is hung on fences and structures, like the previous poster.
Poster “Don’t get involved - he’ll kill you”. It is used as a portable device and is hung on open switchgear structures adjacent to the one intended for lifting personnel when the workplace is located at a height.
Prohibiting posters are used only as portable ones:
Poster “Don’t turn it on - people are working”. It is hung on control keys, handles and steering wheels of drives of switches and disconnectors; if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be supplied to the equipment on which people work.
Poster “Do not turn on - work on the line”. It is hung on control keys, handles and steering wheels of drives of linear switches and disconnectors; if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be supplied to the line where people work.
Poster “Do not open - people are working”. It is hung on the valve controls of the air lines of switches and drives, if, if the valve is opened by mistake, high-pressure air may be released to the equipment that is being repaired and on which people are working.
Permission posters are used only as portable ones:
Poster "Work here". It is hung in the area designated for the work, in a closed switchgear on an open chamber door or on an open mesh fence, or directly on the equipment (switch, transformer, etc.), in an open switchgear in the place where personnel must enter space enclosed with rope (when working at ground level).
Poster "Get in here". It is hung on the structure (column) of an open switchgear, which ensures safe lifting of personnel to the place of work located at a height - on the structures.
Reminiscent of a poster. There is only one portable one: “Grounded”. It is hung on the handles or steering wheels of disconnectors, which, if switched on incorrectly, can supply voltage to grounded equipment.
All portable posters used on control panels are reduced in size.
Safety posters and signs are intended for:
To prohibit actions with switching devices, if switched on incorrectly, voltage may be supplied to the place of work (prohibition posters);
To warn about the danger of approaching live parts that are energized and moving without protective equipment in an outdoor switchgear of 330 kV and higher with an electric field strength higher than permissible (warning signs and posters);
To authorize specific actions only if certain safety requirements are met (prescriptive posters);
To indicate the location of various objects and devices or the scene of action (indicative poster).
Depending on the nature of their application, posters can be permanent or portable, and signs can be permanent (Appendix 2).
Warning sign is made in the form of a yellow triangle with a black border, which depicts a symbol of danger. The sign is permanent.
Warning posters serve to warn of danger, including electric shock, for example: “Stop. Voltage". They have a rectangular shape, black letters on a white background, a red border and a red arrow. Posters are portable.
Prohibition posters serve to prohibit the supply of voltage. Red letters on a white background or white letters on a red background. Example text: “Do not turn on. People are working,” or “Don’t turn it on. Work on the line." Posters are portable.
Prescriptive posters serve to indicate a “Work here” workplace, or a safe path to a “Climb here” workplace. The poster is square, white border, white circle on a green background, black letters inside the circle.
Directional poster serves to indicate that it is inadmissible to supply voltage to a grounded section of the installation; it has black letters on a green background and the inscription “Grounded”.
Safety posters and signs
Table 1
|
Purpose of the poster |
Poster name |
|
To prohibit the supply of voltage to the workplace |
Do not turn on! People working |
|
To prohibit the supply of voltage to the line on which people are working. |
Do not turn on! Line work |
|
To warn about the danger of exposure to an electric field on personnel and prohibit movement without protective equipment |
Dangerous electric field Do not enter without protective equipment |
|
To prevent the supply of compressed air and gas. |
Do not open! People working |
|
To prevent repeated manual switching on of overhead line switches after automatic shutdown without agreement with the manufacturer. |
Work under tension! Do not turn on again |
|
Purpose of the poster |
Poster name |
|
To warn of the danger of electric shock (used in electrical installations up to and above 1000V in power plants and substations). | |
|
To warn of the danger of electric shock |
Stop! Voltage |
|
To warn of the danger of electric shock (used in populated areas on overhead line supports above 1000V) |
Carefully! Electrical voltage |
|
To warn of the danger of electric shock when performing high voltage tests |
Trial! Life threatening |
|
To warn about the danger of climbing structures, which may involve approaching live parts that are energized |
Danger! Keep out! |
|
To indicate a workplace |
Work here |
|
To indicate a safe climbing path to a workplace located at height |
Get in here |
|
To indicate the inadmissibility of supplying voltage to a grounded section of an electrical installation |
Grounded |
|
To prohibit smoking |
No smoking! |
|
To prohibit the use of open fire |
Open fire is prohibited |
Appendix 2
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