Each lamp uses a specific type of socket, into which only a lamp that has a suitable base can be installed.
Below is information about modern types of lamp bases.
Plinths have their own designation system, consisting of several elements:
1) The first letter indicates the type of base:
E- threaded base (Edison base)G- pin base
R- base with recessed contact
B- pin base (bayonet)
S- soffit base
P- focusing base
2) The number indicates the diameter of the connecting part of the base or the distance between the pins.
3) Lowercase letters indicate the number of contact plates, pins or flexible connections:
s- one contact
d- two contacts
t- three contacts
q- four contacts
p- five contacts
Edison threaded base
Edison base- threaded system for quick connection of the lamp with the socket. Designation Ehh corresponds to the diameter in millimeters.
Example: base E27 - threaded connection with a diameter of about 27 mm.
| Type | Diameter, mm | Name |
| E5 | 5 | Micro base (LES) |
| E10 | 10 | Miniature Base (MES) |
| E12 | 12 | Miniature Base (MES) |
| E14 | 14 | "Minion" (SES) |
| E17(110 V) | 17 | Small Base (SES) |
| E26(110 V) | 26 | Middle base (ES) |
| E27 | 27 | Middle base (ES) |
| E40 | 40 | Large Base (GES) |
Pin socket - G
Denoted by the letter G. A pin system is used to connect the lamp to the socket. The numbers in the designation show the distance between the centers of the pins, and for a larger number of pins, the diameter of the circle on which the centers of the pins are located.
| Type | Distance between contacts, mm |
| G4 GU4 GY4 | 4 |
| G5 | 5 |
| G5.3 GU5.3 GX5.3 | 5.3 |
| GY6.35 | 6.35 |
| G9 | 9 |
| GZ10 | 10 |
| G13 | 13 |
| G53 GU53 GX53 | 53 |
Note: the letters U X Y Z indicate a design modification. Such bases are not interchangeable!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the plinths G23 And G24
, inside which the starter is located:
For lamps with a base GU10 there are thickenings at the end of the contacts for rotary connection with the cartridge:
Fluorescent ring lamps use a base type G10q:
Sometimes a plinth is seen as a combination of two or more similar plinths. In this case, the number of combined bases is indicated before the general designation - 2G 11,2G 10,2G 13:
Base with recessed contact - R
Please note that after the designation of the base R 7s the numbers indicated are 78 or 118. They indicate the total length of the lamp in mm.
Pin base - IN
Denoted by the letter B. The base body has pins for connecting to the socket.
Example: В22d– pin base with a case diameter of about 22 mm. , with two contacts:
Soffit plinth - S
Socles S 19 And S 14s shown in the figure.
Focusing base - P
P 14.5s-focusing base with one contact, case diameter (orienting part) 14.5 mm.
In some cases, instead of the base type, the lamp type is indicated.
MR16(numbers may vary) -standard size of halogen incandescent lamps with reflector. Typically, a pin base is used (g9, g4, g23, etc.).
R 50(numbers show the diameter of the lamp) - standard size of reflector lamps. They serve to create directional light. In most cases, the base is threaded - e27 or e14.
2D- These are compact fluorescent lamps. The lamp bulbs are made in the form of two arcs. Base G 10 q or GR8.
Flask lamps
They are lamps in the form of a glass tube. They differ in diameter and type of base and have the following designations:
- T5(diameter 5/8 inch = 1.59 cm)
- T8(diameter 8/8 inch = 2.54 cm)
- T10(diameter 10/8 inch = 3.17 cm)
- T12(diameter 12/8 inch = 3.80 cm)
Gauss LED lamps presented in our store are designed to replace all types of existing lamps of previous generations and are compatible with almost all known types of sockets and lamps.
According to the international designation system, the first letter indicates the type of base. Types of lamp bases are:
E-threaded socket type (Edison socket)
G-pin type socket
R-type of base with recessed contact
S - soffit type plinth
P-focusing type of base
B - pin type socket (bayonet)
The next number indicates the diameter of the base or the distance between the pins. Lowercase letters - indicate the number of pins, contact plates or flexible connections:
s- 1 contact
d- 2 contacts
t - 3 contacts
q- 4 pins
p- 5 contacts 
The most common in everyday life and lighting in general is the Edison base. It is designated by a capital letter E and a number that indicates the diameter of the threaded connection in mm. For example E27 - threaded base with a diameter of 27mm.
The letter G denotes a pin socket. Most popular in lighting systems for display cases, shelves and commercial equipment. Such a base has pins, and the counter part in the lamp has holes. The numbers behind the letter G indicate the distance between the centers of the pins, and for the number of pins more than 2, the diameter of the circle on which the centers of the pins are located. The letter G may be followed by the letters U,Y,X,Z - these indicate that the pins have been modified.
For example, GU - contacts have thickenings at the ends for rotary fixation in the cartridge. G4 is the most popular miniature halogen lamp. The LED analogue can be designated the same way or as MR16 - the standard size of such lamps with G4, G9, G23, etc. sockets.
The letter T stands for fluorescent lamps. They are made in the form of a glass flask - tube. They differ in the same characteristics: the diameter of the base and the type of base. They have the following designations:
T5- (5/8 inch/15.9 mm base diameter);
T8- (base diameter 8/8 inch/25.4 mm);
T10- (base diameter 10/8 inch/31.7 mm);
T12- (12/8 inch/38.0 mm base diameter). 
We have provided all types of lamp bases, all the information about them, this will help you navigate the market of new and promising LED lamps. In addition, you can always ask questions to our technical specialists and managers. We are always happy to help our clients in choosing equipment and solving problems.
Modern LED lamps can be classified according to several criteria:
according to the purpose of the lamp;
by the type of its design;
according to the type of base;
according to the properties of the emitted light.
According to their purpose, LED lamps are divided into:
lamps for basic lighting in residential premises;
lamps for local designer lighting;
lamps for outdoor architectural lighting and landscape design;
lamps for use in explosive atmospheres;
lamps for lighting streets, parking lots, bridges, sidewalks, railway stations, etc.;
lamps for spotlights that are installed in industrial buildings and areas.
By type, depending on other properties, LED lamps are divided into:
general purpose lamps for residential and office premises;
directional light lamps for spotlights, which are applicable both for local illumination of building interiors, store windows, advertising structures, and for landscape lighting;
linear lamps in the form of oblong tubes, to replace fluorescent lamps.
Based on the type of base, there are mainly five main types:
Bases E27, E14
A standard threaded connection found on most common incandescent lamps. This type of base was introduced by Edison himself, and the letter "E" is the first letter of the inventor's last name. The numbers indicate the diameter of the base in millimeters.
Today, sockets E27, E14 and their other sizes are the most common types among all sockets, including LED lamps. The E14 base is also called "minion". Bulbs with this base usually have a candle-shaped bulb, an elongated shape, and are used mainly in sconces, floor lamps, and table lamps.
A two-pin connector, the pins of which have thickenings at the ends, designed for rotating mounting of the lamp in the socket. For example, starters in old gas-discharge lamps, which were previously widely used in public places, have such sockets. The letters in the name of the base indicate the following: G - pin base, U - with thickenings at the ends. 10mm is the distance between the pins.
This type of base is the most electrically safe, it is convenient to use, and LED lamps with such a base are usually designed for a voltage of 220 Volts. Mainly, lamps with such a base are those that are installed in ceiling lamps (reflector LED lamps).
GU5.3 type sockets, sockets of the same pin family, have become widespread recently when halogen reflective lamps in ceiling lamps became widespread. Basically, these are spotlights mounted in plasterboard ceilings.
LED lamps with such a base have replaced them with a similar base, and are easily mounted in sockets. The holes in the sockets for this base correspond exactly, the distance between the pins exactly matches the holes and is 5.3 mm, so installation is quite simple and safe.
This base is characteristic of linear tube-shaped lamps. As in the previous case, 13 is the distance between the pins in millimeters. Often, these are lamps for ceiling luminaires, which are often used to illuminate large areas of shopping centers, warehouses, production workshops, and other premises where the ceiling is quite high and the area is long.
As for the labeling of LED lamps, it is similar to the labeling of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and the manufacturer provides comprehensive information about the product on the packaging. In addition to the LED inscription, indicating that the lamp is LED, other parameters of the lamp are also reported. Let's look in more detail, using an example of what is indicated on the packaging and what these parameters are.
Power
The packaging must indicate the power consumed by this LED lamp from the network. As a rule, the packaging also indicates the equivalent luminous flux power of incandescent lamps, but this equivalent parameter is given only for comparison. The real one, of those currently available for sale, is in the range from 1 to 25 W, depending on the needs of the buyer.
Comparison of LED lamps with other types of lamps:
Life time
Service life in hours. This parameter may differ from one manufacturer to another, and according to statistics, the service life of LED lamps in normal, not extreme conditions, with high-quality power supply from the network can reach 50,000 hours.
Energy efficiency class
Of course, LED lamps are very energy efficient and are always indicated on the packaging. If earlier this indicator was limited to level “A”, then with the development of energy-efficient LED lighting, additional classes “A+” and “A++” appeared, indicating a significantly lower value of the ratio of power consumption to power calculated based on the effective energy received from a given lamp. luminous flux.
Flask type
In this example, the bulb type is A55 - a standard shape, like a regular incandescent lamp. There are other options: C35 - spark plug, G45 - ball, R39, R50, R63 - mirror, and others. The flask can be matte or transparent, this is indicated on the packaging.
It can be different, from very warm to very cold, and a “warmer” light, closer to yellow, as is the case with incandescent lamps, is more comfortable for a person. Cold light is more suitable for industrial premises, street lighting and other places where a person does not strive to obtain maximum comfort, and if cold light is installed in a living room, this will have an unfavorable effect on the human nervous system. This indicator must be indicated on the packaging.
Color temperature is measured in Kelvin, and the ranges are labeled accordingly: warm white light (2700-3200 K), neutral white or daylight (3500-4500 K), white light (4700 - 6000 K), cool white light (from 6000 K).
The brightness of an LED lamp, measured in Lumens. For clarity, you can use the table and get an idea of the luminous flux that conventional incandescent lamps provide. Of course, LED lamps are able to provide the appropriate luminous flux, consuming 7-10 times less electrical energy.
Color rendering index Ra
For sunlight this is 100, for incandescent lamps - from 90 and above, for LED lamps - from 80 to 89. This indicator reflects how close to its natural color the body illuminated by a given light source remains. An Ra value greater than 80 is generally considered quite high.
Consumption parameters
The above example shows that this LED lamp can operate at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius, be powered by an alternating voltage from 150 to 250 V, with a frequency of 50/60-Hz, while the maximum (peak) current consumption will be 0.065 A .
Construction Materials
Peter Kravets
Reading time: 3 minutes
A A
The base is a part at the base of the lighting device, necessary for fixing it in the socket, as well as for connecting the equipment to electric current.
Usually the base is made of metal, in rare cases - of ceramics. The design of the base assumes that there are lamps inside and contacts outside.
Classifying luminaires by base type is an effective way to classify luminaires, used by lighting manufacturers around the world. LED lamps (Light Emitting Diode) relatively recently appeared on the market of lighting devices in the category of affordable ones.
At a cost per lumen supplied by an LED source, these devices exceed even the wildest expectations for inexpensive lighting, and the brightness, energy efficiency and luminous efficiency exceed those of traditional lamps used before.
Advantages of LED lighting
A unique feature of LED lamps is their base. The thing is that previously each class of lighting devices was produced with an individual base.
Manufacturers of LED equipment began to focus on direct replacement of old lamps, and, knowing the old-style base, began to produce the same ones, only using LED technology.
As a result of such a replacement, the end consumer receives a number of benefits - budget savings, energy savings and health benefits - there is no ultraviolet radiation, harmful substances and pulsation.
Classification of LED lamps by base type
According to the generally accepted international system, in all types of lamps, the types of socles are distinguished by the first letter. What are the types of bases according to the device:
E-threaded (Edison base)
The most common type of base, previously used in incandescent lamps, is now energy-saving sources. The most common are Edison sockets - a threaded type of connection with a cartridge of various diameters.
The number in the marking indicates the diameter of the base. For example, E27 indicates that the Edison base is 27mm in diameter.
G-pin
The class of socles with the designation G is equipped with a pin connection to the socket, where the numbers after the letters indicate the distance between the contacts. The second letter is the distinctive characteristics of the base. The most popular class of lighting devices used.
Used from small halogen lamps to fluorescent ceiling lighting sources. For clarity, the GU10 marking indicates thickenings at the ends of the pins; it is used in halogen or fluorescent lighting devices.
R- with recessed contact
The fastening with R at the beginning of the marking deserves special attention. This type assumes a recessed contact, and the number indicates the thickness in millimeters. As a rule, these are tubular lamps with a small size and light weight.
Applicable in networks with alternating current 220 V, 50 Hz. This base is used for halogen linear lighting devices - such as spotlights.
S-soffit
The S class mount can be located on both sides of the tubular lamp, or as a separate base on one side. Traditionally used in bathrooms, theater lighting equipment, and car lamps.
P-focusing
It is very similar in many respects to the soffit type and is equipped with additional diffusing elements. They are used in flashlights, projectors in cinema halls, navigation lights, etc. The base is equipped with a prefabricated lens that directs the flow of light in the required direction.
Telephone T-base
Most often, such lamps are used as backlight, for example, on the dashboard of a car. The numbers indicate the width of the base on the outside on which the contact pins were installed.
W-base
By design, this base is part of the lamp. All contacts, power or wire, are routed out through the surface of the light bulb. The numbers in this case indicate the thickness of the glass. Most often used in cars, in direction indicators.
B-pin (bayonet)
A type of mount in which electrical contact with the lamp is made through current inputs on the glass base of the lamp.
Letter markings for bases
The number after the letter informs about the distance between the pins (fastening diameter). Lowercase letters indicate the number of pins or different connections:
- S = 1;
- D = 2;
- T = 3;
- Q = 4;
- P=5.
In some cases, another note is added to the letter series, indicating the place where the lamp is used. So, the types of socles are:
U – energy saving light bulb;
V – conical shape of the base;
A – car lamp.
Selecting a lamp based on the base type
Before starting lighting work, you need to find out which network you will be connecting to. Different bases are designed for networks with different parameters.
The choice of the category of contacts for energy-saving and LED devices, halogen, is made taking into account the design of the device in which the lamp is installed. The marking of each lamp is indicated by design features. So, for T5 lamp elements, the G5 option is suitable.
Any of the types under consideration is used under certain conditions. Electrical networks can be with direct or alternating current; moreover, it is possible to select a lamp holder depending on the intended purpose - directional lighting, diffused light, a decorative element or a device of full functionality.
The nuances of replacing incandescent lamps with LED analogues
- The dimensions of LED light sources are often different from those of older lamps;
- Halogen lighting transformers are not suitable for LED equipment;
- LED lamps operate on the principle of pulse width modulation. In order for dimming to be of high quality, it is necessary to swap the switch with a rheostat and a special controller. Dimmers from halogen appliances and traditional incandescent lamps are not suitable in most cases. After replacement, it will be possible to control the light flux, including from a distance. There are dimmable LED lamps on sale that have a built-in circuit for changing brightness when the input voltage changes;
- Before dismantling the fluorescent lamp, first remove the ballast from the device, and then connect the LED lighting device to the terminals.
For all lighting devices, the base in the light bulb serves as the foundation in a residential building - durability and reliability of operation depend on its strength and installation.
Modern lighting systems They use a wide variety of lamps: LED, incandescent, halogen, fluorescent and many others. Lamps have different operating principles and are designed for different purposes. Despite the differences in the nature of the light generated and their purpose, the lamps have one thing in common - plinth. Most common types of LED lamp bases: E27, E14, G4, G9, GU5.3, GU10 and T8.
Base- the main structural element of an artificial light source through which power is supplied to the lighting lamp. Bases, like lamps, have different designs and purposes. Often, the variety of bases determines the scope of application of a particular type of lamp. LED bulbs designed for energy-efficient replacement of lamps of different types in various fields of human activity.
The most common bases are threaded bases (E27 and E14). This method of mounting a lamp was patented by Edison for further use in his light bulbs. At the beginning of the 20th century, thread was the most reliable method of fastening, despite the existence of a two-pin method, which complicates the installation of lighting.
Initially, for incandescent lamps used base E27, but then it was replaced by a more compact version E14. In addition to the thread diameter, lamps with threaded sockets differ in power. LED bulbs, aimed at households, are available in both versions and rarely differ in brightness and power.
Two-pin base or pin (G and GU), was used in parallel with the threaded one, but received little distribution due to the specificity of the lamps equipped with it. For the most part, it found its application in radio engineering, where low voltage was used. With time bases G4 and G9 began to use small-sized halogen light bulbs in networks with voltage 12V. Increasing the distance between contacts and additional protection methods have made it possible to use pin sockets in lamps with voltage 100-250V. Thus, lamps with pin bases differ in the distances between the base contacts and the supported mains voltage.
Base GU10 differs from other pin sockets not only in the distance between the contacts, but also in the method of fastening. For more reliable fastening, there are thickenings at the ends of the GU10 contacts, due to which the lamp is fastened by turning. Such fasteners securely fasten the lamp and allow it to be used even upside down, without the risk of spontaneous falling to the floor due to the influence of temperature on the fastening elements.
Two-pin lamps are used to organize spot lighting in the interior, furniture, and also in the form of recessed lamps for zonal division of the room. Most LED lamps are equipped with reflectors MR16, concentrating and enhancing the light flux.
Another special case two-pin socket is the mounting of a fluorescent lamp - base G13. This base is used in fluorescent lamps of types T8, T10 and T12. Lamps are distinguished by the diameter of the bulb. Fluorescent lamps with a T8 base can be replaced with LED analogues with lower power consumption.
LED bulbs LEDCONNECT company are produced with all popular bases, which allows you to replace outdated lamps that have expired without the need to completely replace the lighting equipment.
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